Neuroinflammation constitutes a fundamental cellular process to signal the loss of brain homeostasis. Glial cells play a central role in orchestrating these neuroinflammation processes in both deleterious and beneficial ways. These cellular responses depend on their intercellular interactions with neurons, astrocytes, the blood–brain barrier (BBB), and infiltrated T cells in the central nervous system (CNS). However, this intercellular crosstalk seems to be activated by specific stimuli for each different neurological scenario. This review summarizes key studies linking neuroinflammation with certain neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and for the development of better therapeutic strategies based on immunomodulation.

神经炎症构成了一个基本的细胞过程，以信号传递脑稳态的丧失。胶质细胞在以有害和有益的方式协调这些神经炎症过程中起着重要作用。这些细胞反应取决于它们与神经元，星形胶质细胞，血脑屏障（BBB）和中枢神经系统（CNS）浸润的T细胞的细胞间相互作用。但是，这种细胞间的串扰似乎是由针对每种不同神经系统情况的特定刺激激活的。这篇综述总结了将神经炎症与某些神经退行性疾病（例如阿尔茨海默病（AD），帕金森病（PD）和肌萎缩性侧索硬化症（ALS））联系起来的关键研究，并基于免疫调节发展了更好的治疗策略。