Cytosolic calcium (Ca²⁺) transients control key neural processes, including neurogenesis, migration, the polarization and growth of neurons, and the establishment and maintenance of synaptic connections. They are thus involved in the development and formation of the neural system. In this study, a publicly available whole transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) dataset was used to examine the expression of genes coding for putative plasma membrane and organellar Ca²⁺-transporting proteins (channels, pumps, exchangers, and transporters) during the formation of the cerebral cortex in mice. Four ages were considered: embryonic days 11 (E11), 13 (E13), and 17 (E17), and post-natal day 1 (PN1). This transcriptomic profiling was also combined with live-cell Ca²⁺ imaging recordings to assess the presence of functional Ca²⁺ transport systems in E13 neurons. The most important Ca²⁺ routes of the cortical wall at the onset of corticogenesis (E11–E13) were TACAN, GluK5, nAChR β2, Cav3.1, Orai3, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) non-mitochondrial Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger 2 (NCX2), and the connexins CX43/CX45/CX37. Hence, transient receptor potential cation channel mucolipin subfamily member 1 (TRPML1), transmembrane protein 165 (TMEM165), and Ca²⁺ “leak” channels are prominent intracellular Ca²⁺ pathways. The Ca²⁺ pumps sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) and plasma membrane Ca²⁺ ATPase 1 (PMCA1) control the resting basal Ca²⁺ levels. At the end of neurogenesis (E17 and onward), a more numerous and diverse population of Ca²⁺ uptake systems was observed. In addition to the actors listed above, prominent Ca²⁺-conducting systems of the cortical wall emerged, including acid-sensing ion channel 1 (ASIC1), Orai2, P2X2, and GluN1. Altogether, this study provides a detailed view of the pattern of expression of the main actors participating in the import, export, and release of Ca²⁺. This work can serve as a framework for further functional and mechanistic studies on Ca²⁺ signaling during cerebral cortex formation.

中文翻译：

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小鼠大脑皮质形成过程中Ca2 +转运系统的转录组分析。

胞质钙（Ca ²⁺）瞬变控制关键的神经过程，包括神经发生，迁移，神经元的极化和生长以及突触连接的建立和维持。因此，它们参与了神经系统的发展和形成。在这项研究中，使用了公开的全转录组测序（RNA-Seq）数据集来检查形成过程中假定的质膜和细胞器Ca ²⁺转运蛋白（通道，泵，交换子和转运蛋白）的编码基因的表达。在小鼠的大脑皮层。考虑了四个年龄：胚胎第11天（E11），13天（E13）和17天（E17），以及出生后第1天（PN1）。该转录组分析也与活细胞Ca ^2+结合成像记录以评估E13神经元中功能性Ca ²⁺转运系统的存在。在皮质发生（E11–E13）时，皮质壁最重要的Ca ²⁺途径是TACAN，GluK5，nAChRβ2，Cav3.1，Orai3，瞬时受体电位阳离子通道亚家族M成员7（TRPM7）非线粒体。 Na ⁺ / Ca ²⁺交换剂2（NCX2）和连接蛋白CX43 / CX45 / CX37。因此，瞬时受体电位阳离子通道黏蛋白亚家族成员1（TRPML1），跨膜蛋白165（TMEM165）和Ca ²⁺ “泄漏”通道是细胞内Ca ^2+的主要途径。Ca ²⁺泵送肌膜/内质网Ca ²⁺ATPase 2（SERCA2）和质膜Ca ²⁺ ATPase 1（PMCA1）控制静止的基础Ca ²⁺水平。在神经发生的末期（E17及以后），观察到更多和更多的Ca ²⁺吸收系统种群。除了上面列出的参与者外，还出现了皮质壁上重要的Ca ²⁺传导系统，包括酸敏感离子通道1（ASIC1），Orai2，P2X2和GluN1。总之，本研究提供了参与Ca ²⁺导入，导出和释放的主要演员的表达模式的详细视图。这项工作可以作为大脑皮质形成过程中有关Ca ²⁺信号传导的进一步功能和机制研究的框架。