Protein post-translational modification (PTM) is a reversible process, which can dynamically regulate the metabolic state of cells through regulation of protein structure, activity, localization or protein–protein interactions. Actinomycetes are present in the soil, air and water, and their life cycle is strongly determined by environmental conditions. The complexity of variable environments urges Actinomycetes to respond quickly to external stimuli. In recent years, advances in identification and quantification of PTMs have led researchers to deepen their understanding of the functions of PTMs in physiology and metabolism, including vegetative growth, sporulation, metabolite synthesis and infectivity. On the other hand, most donor groups for PTMs come from various metabolites, suggesting a complex association network between metabolic states, PTMs and signaling pathways. Here, we review the mechanisms and functions of PTMs identified in Actinomycetes, focusing on phosphorylation, acylation and protein degradation in an attempt to summarize the recent progress of research on PTMs and their important role in bacterial cellular processes.

中文翻译：

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蛋白质翻译后修饰对放线菌代谢的调控。

蛋白质翻译后修饰（PTM）是一个可逆的过程，可以通过调节蛋白质结构，活性，定位或蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用来动态调节细胞的代谢状态。放线菌存在于土壤，空气和水中，其生命周期强烈取决于环境条件。可变环境的复杂性促使放线菌迅速对外部刺激做出反应。近年来，PTM的鉴定和定量研究的进步促使研究人员加深了对PTM在生理和代谢中功能的理解，包括营养生长，孢子形成，代谢产物合成和传染性。另一方面，大多数PTM的供体群体来自各种代谢产物，这表明代谢状态之间存在复杂的关联网络，PTM和信号通路。在这里，我们审查放线菌中鉴定的PTM的机制和功能，着重于磷酸化，酰化和蛋白质降解，以试图总结PTM的最新研究进展及其在细菌细胞过程中的重要作用。