Global climate change and associated adverse abiotic stress conditions, such as drought, salinity, heavy metals, waterlogging, extreme temperatures, oxygen deprivation, etc., greatly influence plant growth and development, ultimately affecting crop yield and quality, as well as agricultural sustainability in general. Plant cells produce oxygen radicals and their derivatives, so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS), during various processes associated with abiotic stress. Moreover, the generation of ROS is a fundamental process in higher plants and employs to transmit cellular signaling information in response to the changing environmental conditions. One of the most crucial consequences of abiotic stress is the disturbance of the equilibrium between the generation of ROS and antioxidant defense systems triggering the excessive accumulation of ROS and inducing oxidative stress in plants. Notably, the equilibrium between the detoxification and generation of ROS is maintained by both enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant defense systems under harsh environmental stresses. Although this field of research has attracted massive interest, it largely remains unexplored, and our understanding of ROS signaling remains poorly understood. In this review, we have documented the recent advancement illustrating the harmful effects of ROS, antioxidant defense system involved in ROS detoxification under different abiotic stresses, and molecular cross-talk with other important signal molecules such as reactive nitrogen, sulfur, and carbonyl species. In addition, state-of-the-art molecular approaches of ROS-mediated improvement in plant antioxidant defense during the acclimation process against abiotic stresses have also been discussed.

中文翻译：

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非生物胁迫下植物中的活性氧和抗氧化防御作用：重新审视通用防御调节剂的关键作用。

全球气候变化和相关的不利的非生物胁迫条件，例如干旱，盐度，重金属，涝渍，极端温度，氧气剥夺等，极大地影响了植物的生长和发育，最终影响了作物的产量和质量以及农业的可持续性。一般。在与非生物胁迫相关的各种过程中，植物细胞会产生氧自由基及其衍生物，即所谓的活性氧（ROS）。而且，ROS的产生是高等植物中的基本过程，并用于响应不断变化的环境条件而传输细胞信号信息。非生物胁迫的最关键后果之一是ROS生成与抗氧化剂防御系统之间的平衡失调，从而触发ROS的过度积累并诱导植物产生氧化胁迫。值得注意的是，在恶劣的环境压力下，酶促和非酶促抗氧化剂防御系统都可以维持ROS的解毒与生成之间的平衡。尽管这一研究领域引起了广泛的兴趣，但在很大程度上仍未得到探索，并且我们对ROS信号的理解仍然知之甚少。在这篇综述中，我们记录了最近的进展，这些进展说明了ROS的有害作用，在不同的非生物胁迫下参与ROS解毒的抗氧化防御系统，与其他重要信号分子（例如反应性氮，硫和羰基物质）的分子串扰。另外，还讨论了在非生物胁迫适应过程中ROS介导的植物抗氧化剂防御作用的最新分子方法。