The Sado wrinkled frog Glandirana susurra has recently been classified as a new frog species endemic to Sado Island, Japan. In this study, we cloned 12 cDNAs encoding the biosynthetic precursors for brevinin-2SSa–2SSd, esculentin-2SSa, ranatuerin-2SSa, brevinin-1SSa–1SSd, granuliberin-SSa, and bradykinin-SSa from the skin of G. susurra. Among these antimicrobial peptides, we focused on brevinin-2SSb, ranatuerin-2SSa, and granuliberin-SSa, using their synthetic replicates to examine their activities against different reference strains of pathogenic microorganisms that infect animals and plants. In broth microdilution assays, brevinin-2SSb displayed antimicrobial activities against animal pathogens Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans and plant pathogens Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, and Pyricularia oryzae. Ranatuerin-2SSa and granuliberin-SSa were active against C. albicans and C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, and granuliberin-SSa also was active against the other plant pathogenic microbes. Scanning electron microscopic observations demonstrated that brevinin-2SSb, ranatuerin-2SSa, and granuliberin-SSa induced morphological abnormalities on the cell surface in a wide range of the reference pathogens. To assess the bacterial-endotoxin-binding ability of the peptides, we developed an enzyme-linked endotoxin-binding assay system and demonstrated that brevinin-2SSb and ranatuerin-2SSa both exhibited high affinity to lipopolysaccharide and moderate affinity to lipoteichoic acid.

中文翻译：

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Sado皱纹青蛙Glandirana susurra的皮肤肽对动物和植物病原菌的抗菌特性和作用方式。

Sado皱纹青蛙Glandirana susurra最近被归类为日本Sado岛特有的新青蛙物种。在这项研究中，我们克隆12倍的cDNA编码生物合成前体brevinin-2SSa-2SSd，esculentin-2SSa，ranatuerin-2SSa，brevinin-1SSa-1SSd，granuliberin-SSA，缓激肽，SSA从皮肤G. susurra。在这些抗菌肽中，我们重点研究了brevinin-2SSb，ranatuerin-2SSa和Granuliberin-SSa，并使用它们的合成复制品检查了它们对感染动物和植物的不同病原微生物参考菌株的活性。在肉汤微量稀释测定中，brevinin-2SSb对动物病原体大肠杆菌，肠沙门氏菌具有抗菌活性，铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌和植物病原体米黄单胞菌。米曲霉，密歇根州亚种。密执安州和稻瘟病菌。Ranatuerin-2SSa和granuliberin-SSA反对活性白色念珠菌和C.密执安亚种。密歇根州，而颗粒神经纤维SSa也对其他植物病原微生物具有活性。扫描电子显微镜观察表明，brevinin-2SSb，ranatuerin-2SSa和Granuliberin-SSa可以在多种参考病原体中诱导细胞表面的形态异常。为了评估肽的细菌-内毒素结合能力，我们开发了一种酶联内毒素结合测定系统，并证明了brevinin-2SSb和ranatuerin-2SSa均表现出对脂多糖的高亲和力和对脂蛋白的中等亲和力。