The low‐cost next‐generation sequencing technologies provide tremendous opportunities for dissecting complex traits in crop species. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between genomic diversity, population structure, and hybrid performance in public sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] inbred lines. A total of 279 public sorghum inbred lines (228 R‐lines and 51 B‐lines) developed across more than two decades were studied. The inbreds were genotyped using genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) platform, which generated 282,536 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After filtering at a ≤5% threshold for minor allele frequency (MAF) and <20% missing data, a total of 66,265 SNPs were returned and used for analysis. Mean polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.35, and gene diversity across the inbreds was 0.46. The neighbor‐joining tree, principal component, and STRUCTURE analyses clustered the inbreds into three subgroups. One‐hundred and two test‐cross hybrids, 50 between closely related parents and 52 between distantly related parents, were developed and evaluated along with two commercial checks in two environments using three replications. Data were obtained on plant height, maturity, yield, and yield components. Mean performance of hybrids derived from closely related and distantly related parents was compared to determine the value of genomics‐based genetic distance to predict hybrid performance. The results revealed the presence of robust genetic variability and hierarchical genetic structure among inbred parents, but marker‐based genetic distance was not a good predictor of yield performance.

中文翻译：

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与高粱自交系基因组多样性和种群结构相关的杂种表现

低成本的下一代测序技术为剖析农作物物种的复杂性状提供了巨大的机会。这项研究的目的是评估公共高粱基因组多样性，种群结构和混合绩效之间的关系[高粱[L.] Moench]近交系。研究了超过20年的279种公共高粱自交系（228个R-系和51个B-系）。使用测序基因分型（GBS）平台对近交系进行基因分型，该平台产生282,536个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）。在次等位基因频率（MAF）的阈值≤5％筛选且丢失数据<20％的条件下过滤后，总共返回了66,265个SNP，并用于分析。平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0.35，近交系的基因多样性为0.46。邻节点树，主成分和结构分析将近交种分为三个亚组。一百个和两个交叉测试的杂种，近亲之间有50个，远亲之间有52个，在两个环境中使用三个复制品进行了开发和评估，并进行了两次商业检查。获得有关植物高度，成熟度，产量和产量组成部分的数据。比较了亲缘关系密切和亲缘关系密切的杂种的平均表现，以确定基于基因组学的遗传距离预测杂种表现的价值。结果表明，近交亲本中存在强大的遗传变异性和分级遗传结构，但基于标记的遗传距离并不是产量表现的良好预测指标。比较了亲缘关系密切和亲缘关系密切的杂种的平均表现，以确定基于基因组学的遗传距离预测杂种表现的价值。结果表明，近交亲本中存在强大的遗传变异性和分级遗传结构，但基于标记的遗传距离并不是产量表现的良好预测指标。比较了亲缘关系密切和亲缘关系密切的杂种的平均表现，以确定基于基因组学的遗传距离预测杂种表现的价值。结果表明，近交亲本中存在强大的遗传变异性和分级遗传结构，但基于标记的遗传距离并不是产量表现的良好预测指标。