The evolutionary process of antimicrobial drug (AMD) uses in animals over a mere eight decades (1940–2020) has led to a revolutionary outcome, and both evolution and revolution are ongoing, with reports on a range of uses, misuses and abuses escalating logarithmically. As well as veterinary therapeutic perspectives (efficacy, safety, host toxicity, residues, selection of drug, determination of dose and measurement of outcome in treating animal diseases), there are also broader, nontherapeutic uses, some of which have been abandoned, whilst others hopefully will soon be discontinued, at least in more developed countries. Although AMD uses for treatment of animal diseases will continue, it must: (a) be sustainable within the One Health paradigm; and (b) devolve into more prudent, rationally based therapeutic uses. As this review on AMDs is published in a Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, its scope has been made broader than most recent reviews in this field. Many reviews have focused on negative aspects of AMD actions and uses, especially on the question of antimicrobial resistance. This review recognizes these concerns but also emphasizes the many positive aspects deriving from the use of AMDs, including the major research‐based advances underlying both the prudent and rational use of AMDs. It is structured in seven sections: (1) Introduction; (2) Sulfonamide history; (3) Nontherapeutic and empirical uses of AMDs (roles of agronomists and veterinarians); (4) Rational uses of AMDs (roles of pharmacologists, clinicians, industry and regulatory controls); (5) Prudent use (residue monitoring, antimicrobial resistance); (6) International and inter‐disciplinary actions; and (7) Conclusions.

中文翻译：

---

动物抗菌药物的历史：进化与革命

抗菌药物 (AMD) 在动物身上使用的进化过程在短短八年间（1940-2020 年）产生了革命性的结果，进化和革命都在进行中，关于一系列使用、误用和滥用的报告呈对数上升. 除了兽医治疗的观点（效力、安全性、宿主毒性、残留、药物选择、治疗动物疾病的剂量确定和结果测量），还有更广泛的非治疗用途，其中一些已被放弃，而其他希望很快就会停止，至少在更发达国家。尽管 AMD 将继续用于治疗动物疾病，但它必须： (a) 在 One Health 范式内是可持续的；(b) 转向更谨慎、更合理的治疗用途。由于这篇关于 AMD 的评论发表在《药理学和治疗学杂志》上，因此其范围比该领域的最新评论更广泛。许多评论都集中在 AMD 作用和用途的负面方面，尤其是抗菌素耐药性问题。本综述认识到这些担忧，但也强调了使用 AMD 的许多积极方面，包括基于研究的重大进展，这是谨慎和合理使用 AMD 的基础。它分为七个部分：（1）引言；(2)磺胺病史；(3) AMD 的非治疗性和经验性用途（农学家和兽医的角色）；(4) AMDs 的合理使用（药理学家、临床医生、行业和监管控制的角色）；(5) 谨慎使用（残留监测、抗菌素耐药性）；(6) 国际和跨学科行动；(7) 结论。