A series of novel hydroxylated cardanol quaternary ammonium salts (HCQAS 3a–3g) with one or two hydroxyl groups, derived from renewable cardanol, a plant‐based and low‐cost material natural cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL), have been rationally designed and investigated as additive in detergent. CMC, γ_CMC, C₂₀, pC₂₀, and CMC/C₂₀ were employed to exhibit the surface properties of HCQAS, reflecting that the surfactivity were superior to general cationic surfactants. In addition, HCQAS revealed excellent water solubility and wettability by krafft point and contact angle tests. Moreover, emulsifiability and foamability conversions were monitored versus time and volume of foam, respectively. Also, TEM micrographs were taken to provide the aggregation morphologies of HCQAS 3a aqueous solution at different concentration. Furthermore, HCQAS 3a and BGF‐10 binary composite system as well as HCQAS 3a, BGF‐10, and SDBS ternary composite system were investigated by CMC, γ_CMC, emulsifiability, and foamability to determine the optimum molar ratio (HCQAS 3a: BGF‐10: SDBS = 0.24:0.36:0.4), and then, analysis of morphology by TEM showed that the incorporation of HCQAS 3a, BGF‐10, and SDBS in aqueous solution accelerated the formation of abundant vesicles with large volume and surface area. Finally, a green concentrated detergent was designed and prepared with the filtered ratio, where the presence of vesicles greatly enhanced detergency to promisingly replace the familiar use of petroleum‐based TX‐10 in detergent. This study on the structure and performance of HCQAS may shed some light on the development of novel environmentally friendly surfactant.

中文翻译：

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新型可再生资源羟化腰果酚季铵盐及其在洗涤剂中二元和三元复合体系的协同作用

经过合理设计，设计了一系列新颖的具有一个或两个羟基的羟基腰果酚季铵盐（HCQAS 3a–3g），这些盐是从可再生腰果酚（一种植物基且廉价的天然腰果壳液（CNSL））衍生而来的。研究用作洗涤剂的添加剂。CMC，γ _CMC，C ₂₀，PC ₂₀，及CMC / C ₂₀被用来呈现HCQAS的表面性质，这反映了该surfactivity优于一般的阳离子表面活性剂。此外，HCQAS通过牛皮纸点和接触角测试显示出优异的水溶性和润湿性。此外，乳化性和起泡性的转化率监测与泡沫的时间和体积。另外，用TEM显微照片拍摄了不同浓度的HCQAS 3a水溶液的聚集形态。此外，HCQAS 3a和BGF-10二元复合体系以及HCQAS 3A，BGF-10和SDBS由CMC三元复合体系进行了研究，γ _CMC，乳化性和起泡性来确定最佳摩尔比（HCQAS 3a：BGF-10：SDBS = 0.24：0.36：0.4），然后通过TEM进行形态分析表明，HCQAS 3a，BGF-10和SDBS的掺入在水溶液中的水促进了具有大体积和表面积的丰富囊泡的形成。最终，设计并制备了过滤比例的绿色浓缩洗涤剂，其中囊泡的存在极大地增强了去污力，有望取代洗涤剂中石油基TX-10的常见用法。HCQAS结构和性能的研究可能为新型环保表面活性剂的开发提供一些启示。