1. Olive groves on steep slopes with a low yield account for 29.6% of the total olive growing area in Andalusia, Spain. This type of olive grove is at high risk of abandonment. Thus, apart from their productive function, we should also take into consideration the ecosystem services that they provide.
2. The diversity of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera was studied in sloping olive groves under conventional, organic, and abandoned farming systems. Line‐transect methods were used to survey butterflies in different olive grove treatments, which were defined by a combination of farming systems and soil management systems.
3. The greatest diversity of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera was observed in organic and abandoned olive groves with cover crops. Mechanical soil tillage was found to have a negative effect in conventional and organic tillage treatments. From this viewpoint, although abandonment has economic repercussions, it does not lead to a loss of biodiversity. The environmental variables with the greatest influence are landscape complexity and the presence of areas of shrubland. The species Pyronia bathseba appears to be strongly associated with long‐abandoned olive groves.
4. The results of this study confirm that the presence of sloping olive groves with cover crops and long‐abandoned groves set in heterogeneous landscapes and with areas of shrubland nearby, help to explain the distribution of Lepidoptera Rhopalocera communities, as well as fostering their richness and abundance.

中文翻译：

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耕作制度和土壤管理影响斜坡橄榄树林中的蝴蝶多样性

1. 在西班牙安达卢西亚，陡峭斜坡上的橄榄树单产低，占橄榄种植总面积的29.6％。这种类型的橄榄树被抛弃的风险很高。因此，除了它们的生产功能外，我们还应该考虑它们提供的生态系统服务。
2. 在常规的，有机的和废弃的耕作制度下，在倾斜的橄榄树中研究了鳞翅目鳞翅目的多样性。线样方法用于调查不同橄榄林处理方法中的蝴蝶，这些处理方法是由耕作系统和土壤管理系统共同定义的。
3. 在有机的和废弃的有遮盖作物的橄榄树林中观察到鳞翅目最大的多样性。发现机械耕作在常规耕作和有机耕作处理中具有负面影响。从这个角度来看，尽管遗弃有经济影响，但不会导致生物多样性的丧失。影响最大的环境变量是景观复杂性和灌木林地区的存在。Pyronia bathseba物种似乎与长期被遗弃的橄榄树密切相关。
4. 这项研究的结果证实，存在倾斜的橄榄树丛，覆盖作物和长期废弃的树丛，这些树丛分布在异质景观和附近的灌木丛中，有助于解释鳞翅目Rhopalocera群落的分布，并促进其丰富度和丰度。 。