In this work, we discuss the exposures of polycrystalline tungsten (W) and nanostructured W coatings to high energy ($~30÷300\mathrm{eV}$) medium-flux $\mathrm{D}$ ($~{10}^{20}{\mathrm{m}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$) deuterium plasmas of the linear machine GyM at an overall fluence of ${10}^{24}{\mathrm{m}}^{-2}$. The energy and particle flux are tailored to that of charge-exchange neutrals at the vessel main chamber of present-day tokamaks and expected in ITER. Scanning Electron Microscopy measurements show the formation of surface nanostructures that are found to strongly depend on the W morphology and crystallinity, as well as on the energy of the ion species. The obtained nanostructures are few nanometres deep and similar to the one obtained after exposure of bulk W to divertor-like conditions. Dedicated annealing experiments are performed on selected samples, showing that the nanostructures developed on W coatings are thermally stable up to their recrystallisation temperature. The development of micrometric-sized blisters is also observed and found to strongly depend on the features of the W coatings, the substrate and the applied bias voltage.

在这项工作中，我们讨论了多晶钨（W）和纳米结构W涂层在高能量下的暴露（$〜30÷300\mathrm{电子伏特}$）中通量 $\mathrm{d}$ （$〜{10}^{20}{\mathrm{米}}^{--2}{\mathrm{s}}^{--\mathrm{1个}}$）线性机器GyM的氘等离子体总通量为 ${10}^{24}{\mathrm{米}}^{--2}$。能量和粒子通量是针对当今托卡马克舰船主舱的电荷交换中性量和ITER预期的。扫描电子显微镜测量表明，表面纳米结构的形成强烈依赖于W的形貌和结晶度以及离子种类的能量。所获得的纳米结构只有几纳米深，并且类似于将体W暴露于偏滤器条件下所获得的纳米结构。在选定的样品上进行了专门的退火实验，表明在W涂层上形成的纳米结构在其重结晶温度下均具有热稳定性。还观察到微米级水泡的发展，并发现水泡的发展很大程度上取决于W涂层，基材和施加的偏压的特征。