Organisms living in temperate and polar regions experience extensive seasonal changes in the physical and biotic environment, including temperature, insolation, and food availability, among other factors. Sessile intertidal organisms respond to such seasonal fluctuations largely through physiological and biochemical means, because their behavioral responses are severely limited. In this study, we used a proteomic approach to examine changes in seasonal protein expression of gill from the intertidal mussel Geukensia demissa, a keystone species of the western Atlantic salt marsh, over the course of one year. Gill tissue of mussels collected in summer had the greatest number of proteins significantly increased in abundance (37 of 592 spots detected on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels), although autumn mussels revealed a comparable proportion of up-regulated proteins (31 spots). In contrast, the number of proteins changing in abundance in winter and spring mussels were substantially smaller (15 and 9, respectively). Identification of these proteins revealed both expected and unanticipated changes to the proteome. Maintenance of gill cilia dominates in the summer when filter-feeding is most active, as evidenced by cytoskeletal proteins such as tektin-4 and tubulin isoforms; a signal of protection from heat stress is also present in summer (e.g., heat shock cognate 70). In autumn oxidative stress protection (peroxiredoxin-5 and manganese-containing superoxide dismutase) and aerobic ATP synthetic capacity (ATP synthase subunits a and delta) appear to increase. In winter a signal of cold-induced oxidative stress is apparent (Mn-SOD and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase), perhaps in association with heavy metal toxicity and exposure to pathogens. Gill tissue from spring shows relatively little environmental acclimatization, other than a possible increase in protein synthesis capacity.

生活在温带和极地地区的有机体在物理和生物环境中会经历广泛的季节性变化，包括温度，日晒和食物供应等。无性潮间带生物主要通过生理和生化手段对这种季节性波动做出反应，因为它们的行为反应受到严重限制。在这项研究中，我们使用蛋白质组学方法来检查潮间贻贝Geukensia dismissa g的季节性蛋白质表达变化是一年中西部大西洋盐沼的重要物种。夏季采集的贻贝组织中大量蛋白质大量增加（在二维聚丙烯酰胺凝胶上检测到592个斑点中的37个），尽管秋季贻贝显示出相当比例的上调蛋白质（31个斑点）。相反，在冬季和春季贻贝中，蛋白质大量变化的数量要少得多（分别为15和9）。这些蛋白质的鉴定揭示了蛋白质组的预期和未预期的变化。夏季，当滤膜喂养最为活跃时，c纤毛的维持就占主导地位，这由细胞骨架蛋白如tektin-4和微管蛋白亚型所证实；夏季也存在防止热应激的信号（例如，热冲击相关的70）。在秋季，氧化应激保护（peroxiredoxin-5和含锰的超氧化物歧化酶）和有氧ATP合成能力（ATP合酶亚基a和delta）似乎增加。在冬季，明显出现了冷诱导的氧化应激信号（Mn-SOD和NADP依赖性异柠檬酸脱氢酶），可能与重金属毒性和病原体暴露有关。除了可能增加蛋白质合成能力之外，春季的ill组织显示出相对较少的环境适应性。在冬季，明显出现了冷诱导的氧化应激信号（Mn-SOD和NADP依赖性异柠檬酸脱氢酶），可能与重金属毒性和病原体暴露有关。除了可能增加蛋白质合成能力之外，春季的ill组织显示出相对较少的环境适应性。在冬季，明显出现了冷诱导的氧化应激信号（Mn-SOD和NADP依赖性异柠檬酸脱氢酶），可能与重金属毒性和病原体暴露有关。除了可能增加蛋白质合成能力之外，春季的ill组织显示出相对较少的环境适应性。