Anthropogenic inputs of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are driving ocean warming and acidification. The potential threat represented by these changes for marine species could be amplified in coastal areas, characterized by higher levels of pollutants. In addition, temperate organisms may exhibit a different seasonal tolerance to stressors influenced by fluctuations of environmental and physiological factors. In this study, Mediterranean mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis collected both in summer and winter were exposed to combinations of two temperatures (SST, seasonal surface temperature and SST+5 °C) and two levels of pH (8.20 and 7.40) in clean or cadmium contaminated seawater (20 μg/L Cd). mRNA levels of genes related to metal-induced stress response were investigated, including metallothionein mt-20, heat-shock protein hsp70, superoxide dismutase Cu/Zn-sod, catalase cat, glutathione peroxidase gpx1 and glutathione S-transferase gst-pi. To further elucidate if tissues with different physiological roles could exhibit different responsiveness, such analyses were carried out in digestive gland and in gills of exposed mussels. mt-20 mRNA increase after Cd-exposure was higher in the digestive gland than in the gills, with few modulations by temperature or pH only in the latter. Acidification, alone or in combination with other stressors, increased hsp70 mRNA, with seasonal- and tissue-specificities (higher in summer and in digestive gland). Among antioxidants, gpx1 mRNA was affected by Cd in both tissues and seasons, with further modulations due to pH and temperature variation tissue- and season-specific; in winter the combination of Cd, warming and acidification affected Cu/Zn-sod both in digestive gland and gills and cat only in gills, while weak seasonal variations were observed for gst-pi transcripts only in digestive gland. The overall results highlighted the importance of considering seasonality and responsiveness of different tissues to predict the effects of sudden changes in environmental parameters on responsiveness to and toxicity of chemicals in marine coastal organisms.

大气中人为二氧化碳的输入正在推动海洋变暖和酸化。这些变化对海洋物种造成的潜在威胁可以在沿海地区扩大，其特征是污染物含量较高。此外，温带生物体对受环境和生理因素波动影响的应激源可能表现出不同的季节性耐受性。在这项研究中，夏季和冬季采集的地中海贻贝Mytilus galloprovincialis在清洁或受镉污染的海水中暴露于两种温度（SST，季节性表面温度和SST + 5°C）和两种pH值（8.20和7.40）的组合下（20μg/ L镉）。研究了与金属诱导的应激反应相关的基因的mRNA水平，包括金属硫蛋白mt-20，热休克蛋白hsp70，超氧化物歧化酶Cu / Zn-sod，过氧化氢酶cat，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶gpx1和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶gst-pi。为了进一步阐明具有不同生理作用的组织是否可能表现出不同的响应性，在消化腺和裸露的贻贝g中进行了此类分析。镉暴露后，消化腺中mt- 20 mRNA的增加高于than，只有温度或pH的调节很少。单独或与其他应激源组合使用，酸化会增加hsp70 mRNA，具有季节性和组织特异性（夏季和消化腺中较高）。在抗氧化剂中，gpx1 mRNA在组织和季节中都受Cd的影响，并且由于pH和温度变化（组织和季节而异）而进一步调节。在冬季，镉，变暖和酸化的结合会影响消化腺和g中的铜/锌-钠，只影响g中的猫，而gst-pi的季节变化较弱成绩单仅在消化腺中。总体结果强调了考虑不同组织的季节和响应能力以预测环境参数突然变化对海洋沿海生物对化学药品的响应能力和毒性的影响的重要性。