Gravity-driven membrane (GDM) systems are promising for decentralized drinking water treatment at the point of use due to their treatment efficiency and low maintenance requirements. To further improve permeate quality in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), adsorption onto activated carbon has been proposed as a pretreatment. In the present study, a novel GDM system with integrated granular activated carbon (GAC) was tested. The performances of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes (0.45 m²) in combination with two different GAC were compared. The PVDF modules achieved a mean flux between 4.3 and 5.1 L/m²*h at 32.5 mbar. Flux stabilization in GAC/GDM systems was observed during long-term experiments over 272 days. pH increase caused by one GAC after start-up had a severe adverse effect on the flux due to CaCO₃ precipitation resulting in a 34 % lower stable flux compared to the other GAC/GDM system. Permeate quality was substantially improved in terms of DOC and UVA₂₅₄. The organic micropollutants carbamazepine and formylaminoantipyrine were effectively removed in both GAC/GDM systems by at least 88 % and 92 %, respectively. The GDM systems effectively retained Enterococcus faecalis and particles (1–200 μm) by 5.1 and 1.6 log units, respectively. Overall, a GDM system combined with GAC revealed the best performance producing approx. 50 L/d purified water. The GAC/GDM systems were operated without any maintenance measures and improved the permeate quality substantially. Thus, application of the studied GAC/GDM systems is a suitable option for decentralized drinking-water treatment.

重力驱动膜（GDM）系统由于其处理效率高且维护要求低，在使用时有望用于分散式饮用水处理。为了根据溶解的有机碳（DOC）进一步提高渗透物质量，已经提出了吸附到活性炭上的预处理方法。在本研究中，测试了具有集成颗粒活性炭（GAC）的新型GDM系统。比较了聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）超滤膜（0.45平方米）和两种不同的GAC的性能。PVDF模块在32.5 mbar时的平均通量在4.3至5.1 L /m²* h之间。在272天的长期实验中，GAC / GDM系统的通量稳定。启动后，由一个GAC引起的pH升高对CaCO引起的通量产生了严重的不利影响_3次沉淀导致稳定通量比其他GAC / GDM系统低34％。DOC和UVA _254的渗透质量得到了显着改善。在两种GAC / GDM系统中，有机微量污染物卡马西平和甲酰氨基安替比林分别有效去除了至少88％和92％。GDM系统有效保留了粪肠球菌和颗粒（1-200μm）分别为5.1和1.6 log单位。总的来说，与GAC结合使用的GDM系统显示出了最佳性能，可产生约3倍的性能。50 L / d的纯净水。GAC / GDM系统的运行无需任何维护措施，并且可以大大提高渗透液的质量。因此，所研究的GAC / GDM系统的应用是分散式饮用水处理的合适选择。