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Recent advancements in understanding the role of epigenetics in the auditory system.
Gene ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-29 , DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144996
Rahul Mittal 1 , Nicole Bencie 1 , George Liu 1 , Nicolas Eshraghi 1 , Eric Nisenbaum 1 , Susan H Blanton 2 , Denise Yan 1 , Jeenu Mittal 1 , Christine T Dinh 1 , Juan I Young 3 , Feng Gong 4 , Xue Zhong Liu 5
Affiliation  

Sensorineural deafness in mammals is most commonly caused by damage to inner ear sensory epithelia, or hair cells, and can be attributed to genetic and environmental causes. After undergoing trauma, many non-mammalian organisms, including reptiles, birds, and zebrafish, are capable of regenerating damaged hair cells. Mammals, however, are not capable of regenerating damaged inner ear sensory epithelia, so that hair cell damage is permanent and can lead to hearing loss. The field of epigenetics, which is the study of various phenotypic changes caused by modification of genetic expression rather than alteration of DNA sequence, has seen numerous developments in uncovering biological mechanisms of gene expression and creating various medical treatments. However, there is a lack of information on the precise contribution of epigenetic modifications in the auditory system, specifically regarding their correlation with development of inner ear (cochlea) and consequent hearing impairment. Current studies have suggested that epigenetic modifications influence differentiation, development, and protection of auditory hair cells in cochlea, and can lead to hair cell degeneration. The objective of this article is to review the existing literature and discuss the advancements made in understanding epigenetic modifications of inner ear sensory epithelial cells. The analysis of the emerging epigenetic mechanisms related to inner ear sensory epithelial cells development, differentiation, protection, and regeneration will pave the way to develop novel therapeutic strategies for hearing loss.



中文翻译:

在理解表观遗传学在听觉系统中的作用方面的最新进展。

哺乳动物的感音神经性耳聋最常见的原因是内耳感觉上皮或毛细胞受损,可归因于遗传和环境原因。在经历创伤后,许多非哺乳动物生物,包括爬行动物、鸟类和斑马鱼,能够再生受损的毛细胞。然而,哺乳动物不能再生受损的内耳感觉上皮,因此毛细胞损伤是永久性的,并可能导致听力损失。表观遗传学领域是研究由基因表达修饰而不是 DNA 序列改变引起的各种表型变化,在揭示基因表达的生物学机制和创造各种医学治疗方面已经取得了许多进展。然而,缺乏关于表观遗传修饰在听觉系统中的确切贡献的信息,特别是它们与内耳(耳蜗)发育和随之而来的听力障碍的相关性。目前的研究表明,表观遗传修饰会影响耳蜗听觉毛细胞的分化、发育和保护,并可能导致毛细胞退化。本文的目的是回顾现有文献并讨论在理解内耳感觉上皮细胞的表观遗传修饰方面取得的进展。对与内耳感觉上皮细胞发育、分化、保护和再生相关的新兴表观遗传机制的分析将为开发新的听力损失治疗策略铺平道路。特别是关于它们与内耳(耳蜗)发育和随之而来的听力障碍的相关性。目前的研究表明,表观遗传修饰会影响耳蜗听觉毛细胞的分化、发育和保护,并可能导致毛细胞退化。本文的目的是回顾现有文献并讨论在理解内耳感觉上皮细胞的表观遗传修饰方面取得的进展。对与内耳感觉上皮细胞发育、分化、保护和再生相关的新兴表观遗传机制的分析将为开发新的听力损失治疗策略铺平道路。特别是关于它们与内耳(耳蜗)发育和随之而来的听力障碍的相关性。目前的研究表明,表观遗传修饰会影响耳蜗听觉毛细胞的分化、发育和保护,并可能导致毛细胞退化。本文的目的是回顾现有文献并讨论在理解内耳感觉上皮细胞的表观遗传修饰方面取得的进展。对与内耳感觉上皮细胞发育、分化、保护和再生相关的新兴表观遗传机制的分析将为开发新的听力损失治疗策略铺平道路。目前的研究表明,表观遗传修饰会影响耳蜗听觉毛细胞的分化、发育和保护,并可能导致毛细胞退化。本文的目的是回顾现有文献并讨论在理解内耳感觉上皮细胞的表观遗传修饰方面取得的进展。对与内耳感觉上皮细胞发育、分化、保护和再生相关的新兴表观遗传机制的分析将为开发新的听力损失治疗策略铺平道路。目前的研究表明,表观遗传修饰会影响耳蜗听觉毛细胞的分化、发育和保护,并可能导致毛细胞退化。本文的目的是回顾现有文献并讨论在理解内耳感觉上皮细胞的表观遗传修饰方面取得的进展。对与内耳感觉上皮细胞发育、分化、保护和再生相关的新兴表观遗传机制的分析将为开发新的听力损失治疗策略铺平道路。本文的目的是回顾现有文献并讨论在理解内耳感觉上皮细胞的表观遗传修饰方面取得的进展。对与内耳感觉上皮细胞发育、分化、保护和再生相关的新兴表观遗传机制的分析将为开发新的听力损失治疗策略铺平道路。本文的目的是回顾现有文献并讨论在理解内耳感觉上皮细胞的表观遗传修饰方面取得的进展。对与内耳感觉上皮细胞发育、分化、保护和再生相关的新兴表观遗传机制的分析将为开发新的听力损失治疗策略铺平道路。

更新日期:2020-07-29
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