This review focuses on various catalytic CO₂ hydrogenation approaches for converting CO₂ to fuels such as CH₄. The catalytic CO₂ methanation using thermal, catalytic-membrane, photo and plasma energy assisted processes were covered. The recent catalysts developments in thermo-catalytic systems for CO₂ methanation in thermal process with respect to the nature of active catalytic centres and their performance were presented. Followed by the technological development of catalytic-membrane process and its advantages in overcoming thermodynamic equilibrium activities were also discussed. Additionally, the catalytic CO₂ hydrogenation process assisted with plasma and photo energy were also covered with respect to the catalyst structures, CO₂ conversion and selectivity towards various products. Several highly emerging in situ characterization techniques such as operando XAS and DRIFTS were used to understand the state of catalyst surface and reaction intermediates involved in CO₂ methanation reaction. Furthermore, parameters affecting the selectivity towards desired products and methods to improve the performance are explained in greater details. Finally, a section for technological challenges of CO₂ methanation in various processes are summarized and an outlook for future directions of the development of catalysts was provided to overcome the CO₂ conversion and selectivity towards desired products limitations to eradicate the problems associated with global warming.

这篇综述着重于将CO ₂转化为燃料（例如CH _4）的各种催化CO ₂加氢方法。涵盖了使用热，催化膜，光能和等离子体能辅助工艺进行的催化CO ₂甲烷化。介绍了在热过程中用于热过程中CO ₂甲烷化的热催化体系中有关活性催化中心的性质及其性能的最新催化剂开发。随后，对催化膜工艺的技术发展及其在克服热力学平衡活性方面的优势进行了讨论。另外，催化CO ₂关于催化剂结构，CO ₂转化率和对各种产物的选择性，还涵盖了在等离子体和光能辅助下的氢化过程。几种新兴的原位表征技术，如操作XAS和DRIFTS，用于了解参与CO ₂甲烷化反应的催化剂表面和反应中间体的状态。此外，更详细地说明了影响对所需产物的选择性的参数以及改善性能的方法。最后，关于CO _2的技术挑战的部分总结了各种方法中的甲烷化反应，并展望了催化剂发展的未来方向，以克服CO ₂转化率和对所需产物的选择性的选择性，以消除与全球变暖有关的问题。