In order to clarify the effects of the proportion of raw powders, heating temperature and holding time on the purity and properties of MAX phase Ti₃AlC₂, powder mixtures of Ti, Al and C powder with different ratio were prepared by planetary ball mill and heated under different conditions by spark plasma sintering. The microstructures and phase structures of the as-synthesized samples were characterized, the correlation between the mechanical properties and microstructure and fracture mechanism were investigated systematically. The results show that with the proportion of raw powders Ti:Al:C = 3:1.2:2, the sample heated at 1300 °C for 60 min has the highest purity 97.23 wt% of MAX phase. It has a compact and uniform lath-like structure with the length-thickness ratios of 3–5 and excellent comprehensive mechanical properties: the Vickers hardness, bending strength and fracture toughness are 5.26 GPa, 500 MPa and 7.35 MPa∙m^1/2, respectively. The experimental results show that among the three factors, the proportion of raw powders has the greatest influence on purity of Ti₃AlC₂ phase, followed by heating temperature and holding time. The fracture morphologies of the tested samples demonstrate that under the action of external force, extrusion and kink occurred in the layered structures of Ti₃AlC₂ phase. These two forms of energy dissipation lead to the bending strength and fracture toughness of Ti₃AlC₂ are higher than that of traditional ceramics.

为了阐明原料粉末的比例，加热温度和保温时间对MAX相Ti ₃ AlC ₂纯度和性能的影响用行星式球磨机制备了不同比例的Ti，Al和C粉末的粉末混合物，并通过火花等离子体烧结在不同条件下加热。表征了合成后样品的微观结构和相结构，系统地研究了力学性能与微观结构之间的相关性以及断裂机理。结果表明，在原始粉末的比例为Ti：Al：C = 3：1.2：2的情况下，在1300°C下加热60分钟的样品的最高纯度为MAX相的97.23 wt％。它具有紧凑且均匀的板条状结构，长厚比为3–5，并且具有出色的综合机械性能：维氏硬度，弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别为5.26 GPa，500 MPa和7.35 MPa∙m ^1/2， 分别。实验结果表明，在这三个因素中，原料粉末的比例对Ti ₃ AlC ₂相纯度的影响最大，其次是加热温度和保温时间。测试样品的断裂形态表明，在外力作用下，Ti ₃ AlC ₂相的层状结构中发生挤压和扭结。这两种形式的能量耗散导致Ti ₃ AlC ₂的弯曲强度和断裂韧性高于传统陶瓷。