Brown and beige adipocytes have been widely known for their potential to dissipate excessive energy into heat form, resulting in an alleviation of obesity and other overweight-related conditions. This review highlights the origins, characteristics, and functions of the various kinds of adipocytes, as well as their anatomic distribution inside the human body. This review mainly focuses on various essential transcriptional factors such as PRDM16, FGF21, PPARα, PPARγ and PGC-1α, which exert their effects on the development and activation of thermogenic adipocytes via important pathways such as JAK-STAT, cAMP-PKA and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways. Additionally, this review will underline promising strategies to generate an unexhausted source of thermogenic adipocytes differentiated from human stem cells. These exogenous thermogenic adipocytes offer therapeutic potential for improvement of metabolic disorders via application as single cell or whole tissue transplantation.

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中文翻译：

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热生成脂肪细胞的发育和干细胞棕色和米色脂肪细胞生成的转录因子。

棕色和米色的脂肪细胞因其将多余的能量耗散为热能的潜力而广为人知，从而减轻了肥胖症和其他与超重有关的状况。这篇综述重点介绍了各种脂肪细胞的起源，特征和功能，以及它们在人体中的解剖结构。这篇综述主要关注各种重要的转录因子，例如PRDM16，FGF21，PPARα，PPARγ和PGC-1α，它们通过JAK-STAT，cAMP-PKA和PI3K-等重要途径对生热脂肪细胞的发育和激活产生影响。 AKT信号通路。此外，这项审查将强调有前途的战略，以产生源于人干细胞的不竭的产热脂肪细胞来源。

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