During a survey performed in sapota orchards of India, from 2015 to 2018, symptoms of phyllody, little leaf, flat stem and witches’ broom were observed in three states: Karnataka, Kerala and Tripura. The association of phytoplasmas was confirmed in all the symptomatic sapota samples by using nested PCR specific primers (P1/P7, R16F2n/R16R2 and 3Far/3Rev) with amplification of fragments of ~ 1.25 kb and ~ 1.3 kb. Association of three phytoplasma groups, aster yellows with flat stem from Tripura (Lembucherra), clover proliferation with phyllody symptoms at Karnataka (Bengaluru) and bermuda grass white leaf with flat stem and little leaf from Kerala (Thiruvananthapuram) and Tripura (Cocotilla) were confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison analysis. Virtual RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences using pDRAW32 further classified the sapota phytoplasma isolates into 16SrI-B, 16SrVI-D and 16SrXIV-A subgroups. This is the first report on identification of three phytoplasma groups in sapota in world.

中文翻译：

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印度 Manilkara zapota 中引起叶状、扁平茎和女巫扫帚症状的植原体菌株的遗传多样性。

2015 年至 2018 年在印度萨波塔果园进行的一项调查中，在卡纳塔克邦、喀拉拉邦和特里普拉邦三个邦观察到叶状、小叶、扁茎和女巫扫帚的症状。通过使用巢式 PCR 特异性引物（P1/P7、R16F2n/R16R2 和 3Far/3Rev）扩增约 1.25 kb 和约 1.3 kb 的片段，在所有有症状的 sapota 样品中证实了植原体的关联。三个植原体组的关联，Tripura (Lembucherra) 的扁平茎紫菀黄、卡纳塔克邦 (Bengaluru) 的三叶草增殖和叶状症状以及来自喀拉拉邦 (Thiruvananthapuram) 和 Tripura (Cocotilla) 的百慕大草白叶扁平茎和小叶通过16S rRNA基因序列比对分析。16S rRNA 的虚拟 RFLP 分析使用 pDRAW32 的基因序列进一步将 sapota 植原体分离株分为 16SrI-B、16SrVI-D 和 16SrXIV-A 亚群。这是世界上首次对三叶草中的三个植原体群进行鉴定的报道。