In this research, we measured the chemical and the physical parameters of increasing ultrasonic power amplitude at a small-diameter ultrasonic horn tip in a volume of 50 ml. This work was done using KI dosimeter, a calorimetric method, electrical power measurements, and photographs of the bubble cloud. Then, the effects of increasing ultrasonic amplitude on the synthesis and the characteristics of MnO2 nanoparticles was studied. The different MnO2 nanoparticles were characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), and field-emission scaning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results showed that when the acoustic power was increased, the crystallite size and the adhesion between nanoparticles increased. However, the synthesis rate of the nanoparticles was not significantly increased. The comparability of the measured data is discussed by considering cavitation dynamics, bubble collapse, high-pressure shock waves, and cavitation shielding.

中文翻译：

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提高小直径超声喇叭尖端声功率对二氧化锰纳米粒子合成及特性的影响

在这项研究中，我们测量了体积为 50 ml 的小直径超声喇叭尖端增加超声功率振幅的化学和物理参数。这项工作是使用 KI 剂量计、量热法、电力测量和气泡云照片完成的。然后，研究了增加超声振幅对MnO2纳米颗粒的合成和特性的影响。通过使用紫外-可见光谱、粉末 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 和场发射扫描电子显微镜 (FESEM) 对不同的 MnO2 纳米粒子进行了表征。结果表明，当声功率增加时，晶粒尺寸和纳米颗粒之间的附着力增加。然而，纳米颗粒的合成速率并没有显着提高。