Abstract

A comparative study of mountain-meadow and mountain-forest soils was performed within the entire Dolgorukovskaya Yayla—a plateau on the northern macroslope of the Main Ridge of the Crimean Mountains—in the altitudinal range from 560 to 975 m a.s.l. Soil morphology, texture, acidity, exchangeable cations, nonsilicate iron content, parameters of the humus status, and optical characteristics of soils were studied. Forest soils on the entire slope are assigned to acid and dark burozems (Cambisols, Luvisols); they are characterized by similar morphological properties and profile patterns of clay, humus, and nonsilicate iron. Mountain-meadow, mountain-meadow chernozem-like, and residual-carbonate soils (Phaeozems) are formed under meadow vegetation in the upper part of the plateau, and soils transitional to piedmont chernozems (Chernozems) are located in its lower part. Humus reserves in the 0- to 50-cm-thick soil layer varied from 16.6 to 42.2 kg/m² under meadows and from 10.7 to 18.8 kg/m² under forests. Soils under forest and meadow vegetation were characterized by an increase in acidity and a decrease in base saturation with the increase in the altitude. Acidity was generally higher in forest soils, while the difference in this parameter between forest and meadow soils in the upper part of the plateau was minimal. In soils under meadows, the content of oxalate-extractable iron also increased with the altitude, and its mean content in the A horizon (226 ± 67 mg/100) was higher than that in forest soils (183 ± 41 mg/100 g). More intense color of soils under grass vegetation as compared to soils under forests is mainly explained by the differences in the rate of organic matter humification and optical density of humic acids, the total humus content being similar in both groups of soils.

中文翻译：

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Dolgorukovskaya Yayla（克里米亚山脉）的山林和草甸草甸土壤的比较特征

摘要

在整个Dolgorukovskaya Yayla（克里米亚山脉主山脊北部北坡的高原）上，对海拔560至975 m的海拔范围内的高山草甸和高山森林土壤进行了比较研究。土壤形态，质地，研究了酸度，可交换阳离子，非硅酸盐铁含量，腐殖质状态参数以及土壤的光学特性。整个山坡上的森林土壤都属于酸性和深色Burozems（Cambisols，Luvisols）；它们的特征是具有相似的粘土，腐殖质和非硅酸盐铁的形态学特性和轮廓模式。在高原上部的草甸植被下形成了山草甸，山草甸类黑钙质和残留碳酸盐土壤（Phaeozems），过渡到山麓黑钙石（Chernozems）的土壤位于下部。0到50厘米厚的土壤层中的腐殖质储量从16.6到42.2 kg / m不等²在草地下，重量从10.7至18.8 kg / m ²在森林里。随着海拔的升高，森林和草甸植被下的土壤的特征是酸度增加，碱饱和度降低。森林土壤的酸度通常较高，而高原上部的森林土壤和草甸土壤之间的此参数差异很小。在草地下的土壤中，草酸可提取铁的含量也随着海拔的升高而增加，A层中的平均含量（226±67 mg / 100）高于森林土壤（183±41 mg / 100 g） 。草林下的土壤比林下的土壤更强烈的颜色主要是由于有机质腐殖酸的速率和腐殖酸的光密度的差异所致，两组土壤的总腐殖质含量相似。