Phthalate and Bisphenol Exposure during Pregnancy and Offspring Nonverbal IQ.,Environmental Health Perspectives

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Phthalate and Bisphenol Exposure during Pregnancy and Offspring Nonverbal IQ.
Environmental Health Perspectives ( IF 10.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-7-27 , DOI: 10.1289/ehp6047
Michiel A van den Dries _{1,

2} , Mònica Guxens _{1,

3,

4,

5} , Suzanne Spaan ₆ , Kelly K Ferguson ₇ , Elise Philips _{2,

8,

9} , Susana Santos _{2,

9} , Vincent W V Jaddoe _{2,

9} , Akhgar Ghassabian _{10,

11,

12} , Leonardo Trasande _{10,

11,

12,

13,

14} , Henning Tiemeier _{1,

15} , Anjoeka Pronk ₆

Affiliation

Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain.
Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain.
Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
Department of Risk Analysis for Products in Development, TNO, Utrecht, Netherlands.
Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
New York University Wagner School of Public Service, New York, New York, USA.
New York University College of Global Public Health, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.

Abstract

Background:

Prenatal exposures to phthalates and bisphenols are associated with impaired brain development in animals. However, epidemiological studies investigating the association between prenatal phthalate or bisphenol exposure and cognition have produced mixed findings and mostly had modest sample sizes and measured the exposure during the third trimester.

Objective:

We examined the association between pregnancy maternal urinary biomarkers of phthalate or bisphenol exposure and nonverbal intelligence quotient (IQ) in children 6 years of age.

Method:

The study sample consisted of 1,282 mother–child pairs participating in the Generation R Study, a population-based birth cohort in Rotterdam, Netherlands (enrollment 2002–2006). We measured maternal urinary concentrations of 18 phthalate metabolites and 8 bisphenols at $less than 18$ , 18–25, and $greater than 25 weeks$ of gestation. Child nonverbal IQ was measured at 6 years of age using the Snijders-Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test–Revised. Linear regression models were fit for each of the three collection phases separately, the three collection phases jointly, and for the averaged prenatal exposure across pregnancy.

Results:

Higher urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites during early pregnancy were associated with lower child nonverbal IQ score [e.g., B per 10-fold increase in summed low-molecular $weight phthalates = - 1.7$ (95% CI: $negative 3.1$ , $negative 0.3$ )]. This association remained unchanged when adjusted for mid and late pregnancy exposures. We also observed an inverse association between late pregnancy di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) exposure and nonverbal IQ. Maternal urinary concentrations of bisphenols were not associated with child nonverbal IQ. There was no effect estimate modification by sex.

Conclusions:

We did not observe that maternal biomarkers of bisphenol exposure are associated with nonverbal IQ. We found that phthalate exposure in early pregnancy and DNOP exposure in late pregnancy are associated with lower nonverbal IQ scores in children. Our results might suggest that particularly early pregnancy is a sensitive window of phthalate exposure, but future studies are needed to replicate our findings. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6047

中文翻译：

怀孕期间邻苯二甲酸盐和双酚的暴露和后代非语言智商。

抽象的

背景：

产前接触邻苯二甲酸盐和双酚与动物大脑发育受损有关。然而，调查产前邻苯二甲酸盐或双酚暴露与认知之间关系的流行病学研究得出了不同的结果，并且大多数样本量不大，并测量了妊娠晚期的暴露情况。

客观的：

我们研究了孕期母体尿液中邻苯二甲酸盐或双酚暴露的生物标志物与 6 岁儿童非语言智商 (IQ) 之间的关联。

方法：

研究样本包括参与“R 世代研究”的 1,282 对母子，该研究是荷兰鹿特丹基于人口的出生队列（2002-2006 年入组）。我们测量了母体尿液中 18 种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物和 8 种双酚的浓度， $< 18$ 、18-25、以及 $> 25 周$ 妊娠期。儿童非语言智商在 6 岁时使用 Snijders-Oomen 非语言智力测试修订版进行测量。线性回归模型分别适合三个收集阶段中的每一个，三个收集阶段联合适合，以及整个怀孕期间的平均产前暴露。

结果：

妊娠早期尿中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度较高与儿童非语言智商得分较低相关[例如，低分子总和每增加 10 倍，B $邻苯二甲酸盐重量 = - 1.7$ （95% 置信区间： $- 3.1$ , $- 0.3$ )]。当对妊娠中期和晚期暴露进行调整后，这种关联保持不变。我们还观察到妊娠晚期邻苯二甲酸二正辛酯（DNOP）暴露与非语言智商之间呈负相关。母亲尿液中双酚的浓度与儿童非语言智商无关。没有因性别而改变效应估计值。

结论：

我们没有观察到双酚暴露的母体生物标志物与非语言智商相关。我们发现，妊娠早期接触邻苯二甲酸盐和妊娠晚期接触 DNOP 与儿童非语言智商得分较低有关。我们的结果可能表明，特别是怀孕早期是邻苯二甲酸盐暴露的敏感窗口，但需要未来的研究来重复我们的发现。 https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP6047

更新日期：2020-07-28

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