The feeling of hunger or satiety results from integration of the sensory nervous system with other physiological and metabolic cues. This regulates food intake, maintains homeostasis and prevents disease. In C. elegans, chemosensory neurons sense food and relay information to the rest of the animal via hormones to control food-related behaviour and physiology. Here we identify a new component of this system, SKN-1B which acts as a central food-responsive node, ultimately controlling satiety and metabolic homeostasis. SKN-1B, an ortholog of mammalian NF-E2 related transcription factors (Nrfs), has previously been implicated with metabolism and respiration, because can mediate the increased lifespan incurred by dietary restriction. We show that actually SKN-1B is not essential for dietary restriction longevity and instead, controls a variety of food-related behaviours. It acts in two hypothalamus-like ASI neurons to sense food, communicate nutritional status to the organism, and control satiety and exploratory behaviours. This is achieved by SKN-1B modulating endocrine signalling pathways (IIS and TGF-β), and by promoting a robust mitochondrial network. Our data suggest a food-sensing and satiety role for mammalian Nrf proteins.

中文翻译：

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神经元SKN-1B调节营养信号传导途径和线粒体网络以控制饱腹感

饥饿或饱食感是由于感觉神经系统与其他生理和代谢线索的融合所致。这可以调节食物摄入量，维持体内平衡并预防疾病。在秀丽隐杆线虫中，化学感应神经元感知食物并通过激素将信息传递给动物的其余部分，以控制与食物相关的行为和生理。在这里，我们确定了该系统的新组件SKN-1B，它充当食物响应的中心节点，最终控制饱腹感和代谢稳态。SKN-1B是哺乳动物NF-E2相关转录因子（Nrfs）的直系同源物，以前与代谢和呼吸有关，因为它可以介导饮食限制导致的寿命增加。我们证明，实际上SKN-1B对于饮食限制寿命并不是必不可少的，相反，控制各种与食物有关的行为。它在两个下丘脑样ASI神经元中起作用，以感应食物，向机体传达营养状况以及控制饱腹感和探索行为。这可以通过SKN-1B调节内分泌信号传导途径（IIS和TGF-β），以及通过促进强大的线粒体网络来实现。我们的数据表明哺乳动物Nrf蛋白具有食物感应和饱腹感的作用。