An extensive spectroscopic time series of three Wolf–Rayet stars – II. A search for wind asymmetries in the dust-forming WC7 binary WR137,Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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An extensive spectroscopic time series of three Wolf–Rayet stars – II. A search for wind asymmetries in the dust-forming WC7 binary WR137
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-28 , DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa2214
N St-Louis ₁ , C Piaulet ₁ , N D Richardson ₂ , T Shenar ₃ , A F J Moffat ₁ , T Eversberg _{4,

5,

6} , G M Hill ₇ , B Gauza _{8,

9} , J H Knapen _{10,

11} , J Kubát ₁₂ , B Kubátová ₁₂ , D P Sablowski _{4,

5,

13} , S Simón-Díaz _{10,

11} , F Bolduan ₅ , F M Dias _{4,

5} , P Dubreuil _{5,

14} , D Fuchs ₅ , T Garrel _{5,

14} , G Grutzeck _{4,

5} , T Hunger _{4,

5} , D Küsters _{4,

5} , M Langenbrink ₅ , R Leadbeater _{4,

5,

15} , D Li _{4,

5,

16} , A Lopez _{5,

14} , B Mauclaire _{5,

14} , T Moldenhawer ₅ , M Potter _{5,

17} , E M dos Santos ₅ , L Schanne _{4,

5} , J Schmidt ₅ , H Sieske ₅ , J Strachan _{5,

18} , E Stinner ₅ , P Stinner _{4,

5} , B Stober _{4,

5} , K Strandbaek _{4,

5} , T Syder ₅ , D Verilhac _{5,

14} , U Waldschläger _{4,

5} , D Weiss _{4,

5} , A Wendt ₅

Affiliation

Département de Physique, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, 3700 Willow Creek Road, Prescott, AZ 86301, USA
Instituut voor Sterrenkunde, Celestijnenlaan 200D bus 2401, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
German Amateur Association (VdS) Section Spectroscopy, Germany
Teide Pro-Am Collaboration
Schnörringen Telescope Science Institute, Ringweg 8a, D-51545 Waldbröl, Germany
W. M. Keck Observatory, 65-1120 Mamalahoa Highway, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
Centre for Astrophysics Research, School of Physics, Astronomy and Mathematics, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra, Lubuska 2, PL-65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38206 La Laguna, Spain
Astronomický ústav, Akademie věd České Republiky, CZ-251 65 Ondřejov, Czech Republic
Leibniz-Institut for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam, Germany
Astronomical Ring for Access to Spectroscopy (ARAS), France
Three Hills Observatory, The Birches, Torpenhow, Wigton CA7 1JF, UK
Jade Observatory, Jin Jiang Nan Li, Jin Jiang Road, He Bei District, 501-47-59 Tianjin, China
Beverly Hills Observatory, PO Box 3626, Baltimore, MD 21214, USA
School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, 327 Mile End Rd., London E1 4NS, UK

We present the results of a four-month, spectroscopic campaign of the Wolf-Rayet dust-making binary, WR137. We detect only small-amplitude, random variability in the CIII5696 emission line and its integrated quantities (radial velocity, equivalent width, skewness, kurtosis) that can be explained by stochastic clumps in the wind of the WC star. We find no evidence of large-scale, periodic variations often associated with Corotating Interaction Regions that could have explained the observed intrinsic continuum polarization of this star. Our moderately high-resolution and high signal-to-noise average Keck spectrum shows narrow double-peak emission profiles in the Halpha, Hbeta, Hgamma, HeII6678 and HeII5876 lines. These peaks have a stable blue-to-red intensity ratio with a mean of 0.997 and a root-mean-square of 0.004, commensurate with the noise level; no variability is found during the entire observing period. We suggest that these profiles arise in a decretion disk around the O9 companion, which is thus an O9e star. The characteristics of the profiles are compatible with those of other Be/Oe stars. The presence of this disk can explain the constant component of the continuum polarization of this system, for which the angle is perpendicular to the plane of the orbit, implying that the rotation axis of the O9e star is aligned with that of the orbit. It remains to be explained why the disk is so stable within the strong ultraviolet radiation field of the O star. We present a binary evolutionary scenario that is compatible with the current stellar and system parameters.

中文翻译：

三颗沃尔夫-拉叶星的广泛光谱时间序列 – II。在形成尘埃的 WC7 双星 WR137 中寻找风的不对称性

我们展示了 Wolf-Rayet 制尘双星 WR137 为期四个月的光谱活动的结果。我们仅检测到 CIII5696 发射线及其积分量（径向速度、等效宽度、偏度、峰度）中的小幅度随机变化，这些变化可以通过 WC 星风中的随机团块来解释。我们没有发现通常与共转相互作用区域相关的大规模周期性变化的证据，这些变化可以解释观察到的这颗恒星的固有连续极化。我们的中等高分辨率和高信噪比平均 Keck 光谱在 Halpha、Hbeta、Hgamma、HeII6678 和 HeII5876 谱线中显示出狭窄的双峰发射剖面。这些峰具有稳定的蓝红强度比，平均值为 0.997，均方根为 0.004，与噪音水平相称；在整个观测期间没有发现变异。我们认为这些剖面出现在 O9 伴星周围的吸积盘中，因此它是一颗 O9e 恒星。轮廓的特征与其他 Be/Oe 星的特征兼容。这个圆盘的存在可以解释该系统的连续极化的恒定分量，其角度垂直于轨道平面，意味着O9e恒星的旋转轴与轨道的旋转轴对齐。为什么这个圆盘在 O 星的强紫外线辐射场中如此稳定，还有待解释。我们提出了一个与当前恒星和系统参数兼容的二元演化场景。我们认为这些剖面出现在 O9 伴星周围的吸积盘中，因此它是一颗 O9e 恒星。轮廓的特征与其他 Be/Oe 星的特征兼容。这个圆盘的存在可以解释该系统的连续极化的恒定分量，其角度垂直于轨道平面，意味着O9e恒星的旋转轴与轨道的旋转轴对齐。为什么这个圆盘在 O 星的强紫外线辐射场中如此稳定，还有待解释。我们提出了一个与当前恒星和系统参数兼容的二元演化场景。我们认为这些剖面出现在 O9 伴星周围的吸积盘中，因此它是一颗 O9e 恒星。轮廓的特征与其他 Be/Oe 星的特征兼容。这个圆盘的存在可以解释该系统的连续极化的恒定分量，其角度垂直于轨道平面，意味着O9e恒星的旋转轴与轨道的旋转轴对齐。为什么这个圆盘在 O 星的强紫外线辐射场中如此稳定，还有待解释。我们提出了一个与当前恒星和系统参数兼容的二元演化场景。这个圆盘的存在可以解释该系统的连续极化的恒定分量，其角度垂直于轨道平面，意味着O9e恒星的旋转轴与轨道的旋转轴对齐。为什么这个圆盘在 O 星的强紫外线辐射场中如此稳定，还有待解释。我们提出了一个与当前恒星和系统参数兼容的二元演化场景。这个圆盘的存在可以解释该系统的连续极化的恒定分量，其角度垂直于轨道平面，意味着O9e恒星的旋转轴与轨道的旋转轴对齐。为什么这个圆盘在 O 星的强紫外线辐射场中如此稳定，还有待解释。我们提出了一个与当前恒星和系统参数兼容的二元演化场景。

更新日期：2020-07-28

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