We present a joint Suzaku and XMM-Newton analysis of the outskirts of the nearby galaxy cluster Abell 2199, the only nearby galaxy cluster to be observed with near complete azimuthal coverage with Suzaku. Using the XMM-Newton observations to correct for the effects of gas clumping, we find that the azimuthally averaged entropy profile in the outskirts follows a power law with a slope of $1.20 \pm 0.23$, statistically consistent with a slope of 1.1 predicted by non-radiative simulations for purely gravitational hierarchical structure formation. However, when divided into 10 sectors, the entropy shows significant azimuthal variation, with some sectors lying below the baseline level. The azimuthally averaged gas mass fraction is found to agree with the cosmic mean baryon fraction. The metal abundance in the outskirts is found to be consistent with being uniform in all directions and it has an average value of $0.29_{-0.03}^{+0.03}\,Z_{\odot}$, consistent with the gas accreting onto clusters being pre-enriched with metals.

中文翻译：

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附近星系团 Abell 2199 外围的热力学和金属丰度的高覆盖率视图

我们对附近星系团 Abell 2199 的外围进行了朱雀和 XMM-牛顿联合分析，这是唯一一个被观察到的附近星系团，其方位角几乎完全覆盖朱雀。使用 XMM-Newton 观测值校正气体聚集的影响，我们发现郊区的方位平均熵剖面遵循幂律，斜率为 $1.20 \pm 0.23$，统计上与非预测的斜率 1.1 一致。 - 纯引力层次结构形成的辐射模拟。然而，当分成 10 个扇区时，熵显示出显着的方位角变化，有些扇区位于基线水平以下。发现方位平均的气体质量分数与宇宙平均重子分数一致。