The Sox gene family encoded transcription factors that played key roles in developmental processes in vertebrates. To further understand the evolutionary fate of the Sox gene family in teleosts, the Sox genes were comprehensively characterized in fish of different ploidy levels, including blunt snout bream (2n = 48, Megalobrama amblycephala, BSB), goldfish (2n = 100, Carassius auratus red var., 2nRCC), and autotetraploid C. auratus (4n = 200, 4nRCC). The 4nRCC, which derived from the whole genome duplication (WGD) of 2nRCC, were obtained through the distant hybridization of 2nRCC (♀) × BSB (♂). Compared with the 26 Sox genes in zebrafish (2n = 50, Danio rerio), 26, 47, and 92 putative Sox genes were identified in the BSB, 2nRCC, and 4nRCC genomes, respectively, and classified into seven subfamilies (B1, B2, C, D, E, F, and K). Comparative analyses showed that 89.36% (42/47) of Sox genes were duplicated in 2nRCC compared with those in BSB, while 97.83% (90/92) of Sox genes were duplicated in 4nRCC compared with those in 2nRCC, meaning the Sox gene family had undergone an expansion in BSB, 2nRCC, and 4nRCC, respectively, following polyploidization events. In addition, potential gene loss, genetic variations, and paternal parent SNP locus insertion occurred during the polyploidization events. Our data provided new insights into the evolution of the Sox gene family in polyploid vertebrates after several rounds of WGD events.

的 袜基因家族编码的转录因子在脊椎动物的发育过程中起关键作用。为了进一步了解人类的进化命运袜 硬骨鱼的基因家族 袜 这些基因在不同倍性水平的鱼类中得到了全面鉴定，包括钝嘴鲷（2n = 48， lo脑，BSB），金鱼（2n = 100， 鱼 红色变体，2nRCC）和同四倍体 金ura（4n = 200，4nRCC）。通过2nRCC（2）×BSB（♂）的远距离杂交获得了2nRCC的全基因组重复（WGD）衍生的4nRCC。与26相比袜 斑马鱼中的基因（2n = 50， 里约热内卢），26、47和92推定 袜这些基因分别在BSB，2nRCC和4nRCC基因组中鉴定，并分为七个亚家族（B1，B2，C，D，E，F和K）。对比分析显示，有89.36％（42/47）的人袜 与BSB中的基因相比，2nRCC中的基因有重复，而97.83％（90/92）的基因 袜 与2nRCC中的基因相比，4nRCC中的基因重复了，这意味着 袜在多倍体化事件之后，该基因家族分别在BSB，2nRCC和4nRCC中进行了扩增。此外，在多倍体化过程中发生了潜在的基因丢失，遗传变异和父本SNP位点插入。我们的数据提供了对袜 WGD事件几轮后多倍体脊椎动物的基因家族。