Aquatic animal diseases are one of the major limiting factors in aquaculture development, with disease emergence forecast to increase with global change. However, in order to treat increasing diseases in a context of global emergence of antimicrobial resistance and strengthening regulations on antimicrobial use, sustainable alternatives are urgently needed. The use of plant supplements to increase fish immunity and disease resistance has gained much popularity within the last decades. The use of functional supplements, such as plants, can also improve growth and feed assimilation, contributing to a better optimization of aquaculture resources (e.g. fish meal inclusion). We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis in order to identify the research gaps in the use of plant‐enriched diets in fish aquaculture and estimate, for the first time, the overall efficacy of plant‐enriched diets on fish growth, immunity and disease resistance as well as the effect of intrinsic parameters (fish trophic level, type of plant material, dosage, treatment duration and pathogen species) on the treatment efficacy. We found that plant‐enriched diets significantly enhanced growth, immunity and disease survival of treated fish, regardless of the fish trophic level, treatment duration and type of material used. We also show that plant supplements are a versatile alternative that can benefit different aquaculture sectors (from small‐scale fish farmers to intensive productions). Finally, we observed that studies need to improve the information reported about the plant material used (e.g. origin, identification, chemical composition), in order to allow the comparison of different experiments and improve their repeatability.

中文翻译：

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迈向更可持续的水产养殖实践：对富含植物的饮食改善鱼类生长，免疫力和抗病性的潜力的荟萃分析

水生动物疾病是水产养殖发展的主要限制因素之一，随着全球变化，疾病的出现预计将增加。但是，为了在全球范围内出现抗菌药物耐药性和加强抗菌药物使用法规的情况下治疗不断增加的疾病，迫切需要可持续的替代方法。在过去的几十年中，使用植物补品来增强鱼类的免疫力和抗病性已广受欢迎。使用功能性补品（例如植物）还可以改善生长和饲料同化，从而有助于更好地优化水产养殖资源（例如鱼粉掺入）。我们进行了系统的审查和荟萃分析，以便确定鱼类养殖中使用富含植物的饮食的研究差距，并首次进行估算，富含植物的饮食对鱼类生长，免疫力和抗病性的总体功效以及内在参数（鱼类营养水平，植物材料类型，剂量，处理时间和病原体种类）的影响。我们发现，无论鱼类的营养水平，处理时间和所用材料的类型如何，富含植物的饮食都可以显着提高处理鱼的生长，免疫力和疾病存活率。我们还表明，植物补品是一种多功能替代品，可以使不同的水产养殖部门受益（从小型养鱼户到集约化生产）。最后，我们注意到研究需要改善有关所用植物材料的报告信息（例如来源，鉴定，化学成分），