Abstract The hunting technical sphere has a particularly important socioeconomic role among hunter-gatherers as it provides vital nutritive goods and serves numerous technical spheres. Approaching Upper Palaeolithic hunting techniques therefore offers a valuable insight into past cultural dynamics. Microliths are often the only conserved evidence of Magdalenian hunting equipment, occasionally accompanied by osseous projectile points to which they were exceptionally found hafted. Backed bladelets are the most common Magdalenian microliths. In this paper, we investigate their function as projectile insert, and address the question of projectiles designs through the analysis of impact damages. In this perspective, we implemented three experimentations including manufacturing, trampling and use of backed bladelets as projectile inserts. Results show distinctive combinations of damages between each three experimentations, allowing to reinforce the damaging pattern of lateral flint inserts and to discriminate lateral scars specific to the impact. The functional analysis of backed bladelets from two Early Middle Magdalenian sites located in west-central France (La Marche and the Blanchard cave) shows that these tools were specifically used as projectile inserts. The bladelets impact damage patterns are different between the two sites and match differences of morphologies of antler projectile points. The systemic reasoning carried out allows evidencing variations of hunting technical behaviours that were not, until then, perceived through the comparison of production techniques and typology of microlith assemblages of west-central France.

中文翻译：

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通过对背衬刀片的实验和功能分析重建玛格达伦狩猎设备

摘要 狩猎技术领域在狩猎采集者中具有特别重要的社会经济作用，因为它提供重要的营养品并服务于众多技术领域。因此，接近旧石器时代晚期的狩猎技术提供了对过去文化动态的宝贵见解。微石通常是唯一保存下来的马格达莱尼亚狩猎装备的证据，偶尔会伴随着骨质的弹丸点，它们被特别发现用斧头固定在上面。背衬小叶是最常见的马格达林微石。在本文中，我们研究了它们作为弹丸插入物的功能，并通过分析冲击损伤来解决弹丸设计问题。从这个角度来看，我们实施了三个实验，包括制造、践踏和使用背衬刀片作为弹丸插入物。结果显示了每三个实验之间不同的损伤组合，允许加强侧向燧石插入物的损伤模式并区分特定于撞击的侧向伤痕。来自位于法国中西部的两个早期中马格达莱尼亚遗址（拉马尔凯和布兰查德洞穴）的背衬刀片的功能分析表明，这些工具专门用作弹丸插入物。两个部位的小叶撞击损伤模式不同，与鹿角弹丸点形态的差异相匹配。所进行的系统推理可以证明狩猎技术行为的变化，直到那时，通过比较生产技术和法国中西部微石组合的类型学才能发现这些变化。