Decline in immune system function (immunosenescence) has been implicated in several age-related disorders. However, little is known about whether alteration in T-cell senescence, a process underlying immunological ageing, is related to muscle health in very old adults (aged ≥85 years). Utilising data from the Newcastle 85+ Study, we aimed to (a) derive and characterise immunosenescence profiles by clustering 13 baseline immunosenescence-related biomarkers of lymphocyte compartments in 657 participants; (b) explore the association between the profiles and 5-year change in muscle strength (grip strength) and physical performance (Timed Up-and-Go test), and (c) determine whether immunosenescence profiles predict 3-year incident sarcopenia. Two distinct clusters were identified; Cluster 1 (‘Senescent-like phenotype’, n = 421), and Cluster 2 (‘Less senescent-like phenotype’, n = 236) in individuals with complete biomarker data. Although Cluster 1 was characterised by T-cell senescence (e.g., higher frequency of CD4 and CD8 senescence-like effector memory cells), and elements of the immune risk profile (lower CD4/CD8 ratio, CMV+), it was not associated with change in muscle function over time, or with prevalent or incident sarcopenia. Future studies will determine whether more in-depth characterisation or change in T-cell phenotypes predict the decline in muscle health in late adulthood.

免疫系统功能下降（免疫衰老）与几种与年龄有关的疾病有关。然而，关于 T 细胞衰老的改变（一个潜在的免疫衰老过程）是否与非常年老的成年人（年龄≥85 岁）的肌肉健康有关，我们知之甚少。利用来自纽卡斯尔 85+ 研究的数据，我们旨在 (a) 通过对 657 名参与者的淋巴细胞区室的 13 个基线免疫衰老相关生物标志物进行聚类来推导和表征免疫衰老谱；(b) 探索曲线与 5 年肌肉力量 (握力) 和身体表现 (Timed Up-and-Go 测试) 变化之间的关联，以及 (c) 确定免疫衰老曲线是否预测 3 年肌肉减少症。确定了两个不同的集群；集群 1（'衰老样表型'，n = 421），和具有完整生物标志物数据的个体中的集群 2（'较少衰老样表型'，n = 236）。尽管簇 1 的特征是 T 细胞衰老（例如，CD4 和 CD8 衰老样效应记忆细胞的频率较高），以及免​​疫风险特征的要素（较低的 CD4/CD8 比率，CMV+），但它与变化无关随着时间的推移，肌肉功能或普遍或偶发的肌肉减少症。未来的研究将确定更深入的表征或 T 细胞表型的变化是否可以预测成年后期肌肉健康的下降。它与肌肉功能随时间的变化，或与普遍或偶发的肌肉减少症无关。未来的研究将确定更深入的表征或 T 细胞表型的变化是否可以预测成年后期肌肉健康的下降。它与肌肉功能随时间的变化，或与普遍或偶发的肌肉减少症无关。未来的研究将确定更深入的表征或 T 细胞表型的变化是否可以预测成年后期肌肉健康的下降。