Moiré superlattices have recently become excellent platforms for studying new properties of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials. With periodic moiré patterns, moiré superlattices can induce structural altering and band transformations, resulting in new phenomena including moiré phonons, moiré excitons, topological phase transition, unconventional superconductivity, or Mott insulation. With specific moiré superlattices, bilayer or trilayer 2D materials (including heterostructures) can act as excellent models gathering interlayer interactions, intralayer features, band alignments, charge transport, and other effects (such as spin-orbit coupling and splitting) in a single system. This Review introduces the origin and the modulation of moiré superlattices and summarizes several series of new properties discovered in 2D layered materials. We believe that moiré superlattices mean new access to more structures, more properties, more physics, and more opportunities for both fundamental studies and applications of 2D materials.

莫尔超晶格最近已成为研究二维（2D）层状材料新特性的绝佳平台。利用周期性的莫尔图案，莫尔超晶格会引起结构改变和能带变换，从而导致新现象，包括莫尔声子，莫尔激子，拓扑相变，非常规超导或莫特绝缘。使用特定的莫尔超晶格，双层或三层2D材料（包括异质结构）可以作为出色的模型，在单个系统中收集层间相互作用，层内特征，能带排列，电荷传输和其他效应（例如自旋轨道耦合和分裂）。这篇综述介绍了莫尔超晶格的起源和调制，并总结了二维分层材料中发现的一系列新特性。