Abstract The investigations were made in the zone of influence of the Irkutsk UC RUSAL aluminum smelter. Soil cover on this territory is represented by gray medium and light loamy soils, with a small thickness of the humus profile. The stoichiometric formulas of solid mineral solutions, humic substances and components of soil solutions formed under the influence of technogenic load are calculated by thermodynamic modeling methods using the Selector software package. The readily soluble forms of existence of the components of gas and dust emissions and solid phases accumulating in soils were determined. The most common condensed components are fluorapatite and fluorite (CaF 2 and A1F 3 ). Complex ions (Al(OH) 2 F 0 , A1F 2 + and A1F 4 – ) are dominant in the aqueous solution, a high concentration of which is due to the presence of readily soluble compounds (NaF, KF and NH 4 F) in emissions. In terms of physicochemical models it was determined that 70–90% of the total amount of F and Na arriving at the day surface can be fixed in soils exposed to the Irkutsk aluminum smelter. Therefore, in spite of high solubility, these pollutants are sorbed by soil. Technogenic transformation is accompanied by a slight increase in pH (from 5.6 to 5.75), an increase of the amount of mixed-layer aluminosilicates: smectites and chlorites (from 43 to 51%), and by a decrease in muscovite content (from 14 to 12%) and humus (from 3.42 to 3.32%). Simulation modeling was used to assess changes in the phase-component composition of soils under the influence of gas and dust emissions from aluminum production. It was found that in gray soils experiencing the anthropogenic impact, the composition of the soil mineral matrix as well as of organic matter changes. A dominant main role is played by the process of acid hydrolysis of alumosilicates whose agents are represented by decomposition products of amorphized fluorine-containing pollutants. The most important feature of this process is a change in composition of clay minerals and humus. An increase in fluorine and chlorine contents in soils leads to an increase of the amount of methane in the gas phase, rather than increasing solubility of organic substances.

中文翻译：

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技术负荷条件下成土过程的理化特征

摘要 在伊尔库茨克 UC RUSAL 铝冶炼厂的影响区进行了调查。该领土上的土壤覆盖以灰色中等和轻壤土为代表，腐殖质剖面厚度较小。在技​​术负荷影响下形成的固体矿物溶液、腐殖质和土壤溶液组分的化学计量公式是使用 Selector 软件包通过热力学建模方法计算的。确定了气体和粉尘排放的组分以及在土壤中积累的固相的易溶形式。最常见的凝聚成分是氟磷灰石和萤石（CaF 2 和AlF 3 ）。络离子（Al(OH) 2 F 0 、A1F 2 + 和 A1F 4 – ）在水溶液中占主导地位，其高浓度是由于排放物中存在易溶化合物（NaF、KF 和 NH 4 F）。在物理化学模型方面，确定到达日表面的 F 和 Na 总量的 70-90% 可以固定在暴露于伊尔库茨克铝冶炼厂的土壤中。因此，尽管溶解度高，这些污染物仍会被土壤吸附。技术改造伴随着 pH 值的轻微增加（从 5.6 到 5.75），混合层铝硅酸盐的量增加：蒙脱石和绿泥石（从 43% 到 51%），以及白云母含量的减少（从 14 到12%）和腐殖质（从 3.42 到 3.32%）。模拟建模用于评估在铝生产过程中气体和粉尘排放影响下土壤相组分组成的变化。发现在经历人为影响的灰色土壤中，土壤矿物基质的组成以及有机质的组成发生了变化。铝硅酸盐的酸水解过程起到了主导作用，其试剂以非晶化含氟污染物的分解产物为代表。这个过程最重要的特征是粘土矿物和腐殖质的组成发生了变化。土壤中氟和氯含量的增加导致气相中甲烷量的增加，而不是增加有机物质的溶解度。铝硅酸盐的酸水解过程起到了主导作用，其试剂以非晶化含氟污染物的分解产物为代表。这个过程最重要的特征是粘土矿物和腐殖质的组成发生了变化。土壤中氟和氯含量的增加导致气相中甲烷量的增加，而不是增加有机物质的溶解度。铝硅酸盐的酸水解过程起到了主导作用，其试剂以非晶化含氟污染物的分解产物为代表。这个过程最重要的特征是粘土矿物和腐殖质的组成发生了变化。土壤中氟和氯含量的增加导致气相中甲烷量的增加，而不是增加有机物质的溶解度。