Abstract

Application of advanced nanotechnologies is one of the main ways to increase crop yields in order to meet the growing global demand for food. This paper investigates the effect of Fe and Zn nanoparticles (NPs) on seed germination and growth of spring wheat seedlings (T. aestivum L.) of the Zlata cultivar, as well as leaf anatomical changes, yield, grain quality, and microelement composition of the soil after harvesting. It was found that presowing seed treatment by a composition of Fe NPs at a concentration of 10^–5% and Zn NPs at a concentration of 10^–4% contributed to a 27% increase in the seed germination energy index and root weight compared to the control. The highest plant height (by 8.2%) and green mass (by 8.5%) were observed in the experimental variant with presowing seed treatment by Zn NPs. The leaf area after presowing seed treatment by iron and zinc NPs increased by 18.2 and 33%, respectively. The highest index of specific leaf area (28% higher than the control), calculated as the ratio of leaf area to green mass, was observed in wheat leaves after seed treatment by Zn NPs. Presowing seed treatment by Fe and Zn NPs separately or in combination led to changes in anatomical parameters (leaf, mesophyll, and epidermis thickness, and conducting bundle area), which were higher than those in the control group of plants whose seeds were treated with water and lower than those in leaves of the plants whose seeds were treated with polymers. Evaluation of the wheat yield structure and grain quality after presowing seed treatment by the composition of metal NPs showed a greater thousand grain weight (1.9 g more than the control) and a higher grains/ear ratio. Presowing treatment of spring wheat seeds by Fe : Zn NPs contributed to higher content of mobile forms of iron, zinc, copper, and phosphorus in the soil after harvest.

中文翻译：

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春小麦对金属纳米粒子处理种子的响应

摘要

先进的纳米技术的应用是提高农作物产量以满足全球不断增长的食品需求的主要方法之一。本文研究了铁和锌纳米颗粒（NPs）对Zlata品种春小麦幼苗（T. aestivum L.）种子发芽和生长的影响，以及叶片解剖变化，产量，籽粒品质和微量元素组成。收获后的土壤。发现用浓度为10 ^–5％的Fe NP和浓度为10 ^–4的Zn NP组成的种子播种前处理。与对照相比，％（％）有助于种子发芽能指数和根重增加27％。在用锌NP进行种子播种的实验变体中，观察到最高的株高（8.2％）和绿色量（8.5％）。铁和锌NP处理的种子播种后的叶面积分别增加了18.2％和33％。用锌NP处理种子后，在小麦叶片中观察到最高的比叶面积指数（比对照高28％），以叶面积与绿色质量之比计算。分别或联合使用铁和锌纳米粒进行种子播种前处理会导致解剖参数（叶，叶肉和表皮厚度以及传导束面积）发生变化，高于用水处理过的种子的对照组，但低于用聚合物处理过的种子的叶子。通过金属NP的组成对播种前处理后的小麦产量结构和谷物品质进行评估，结果表明千粒重更大（比对照多1.9 g），籽粒/穗高比更高。Fe：Zn NPs对春小麦种子的预播处理有助于收获后土壤中铁，锌，铜和磷的移动形式含量更高。