Salt stress is a major abiotic stress causing adverse effects on plant growth and development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of NaCl stress on growth, stress indicator parameters (lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll content and proline content), yield, and the expression of heat shock proteins genes (Hsp17.8, Hsp26.3, Hsp70 and Hsp101) of five Jordanian durum wheat (Triticum durum) landraces. Plants were irrigated with tap water as control or 200 mM NaCl. Significant differences among the 5 Triticum durum landraces in terms of growth parameters, stress indicator parameters, and expression of heat shock proteins genes were observed. Salt stressed landraces demonstrated decreased growth, increased levels of stress indicator parameters, and upregulation in Hsp17.8, Hsp26.3, Hsp70 and Hsp101 expression. Landraces T11 and M23 showed the highest growth, lowest levels of stress indicator parameters, and high expression of heat shock protein genes under NaCl stress. Whereas, J2 and A8 landraces showed the lowest growth, highest levels of stress indicator parameters and low expression of heat shock protein genes under NaCl stress. In conclusion, NaCl stress caused significant reduction in growth parameters, increased level of lipid peroxidation and proline content and upregulation in heat shock proteins gene expression levels. Growth, stress indicator parameters and gene expression results suggest that T11 and M23 landraces are the most NaCl stress tolerant landraces and could be used to enhance the gene pool in wheat breeding programs.

中文翻译：

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盐胁迫下硬粒小麦（Triticum durum）热休克蛋白基因表达及生理反应[J].

盐胁迫是一种主要的非生物胁迫，对植物生长发育造成不利影响。本研究的目的是研究 NaCl 胁迫对生长、胁迫指标参数（脂质过氧化、叶绿素含量和脯氨酸含量）、产量和热休克蛋白基因（Hsp17.8、Hsp26.3、Hsp70）表达的影响。和Hsp101 ) 的五种约旦硬粒小麦 ( Triticum durum ) 地方品种。用自来水作为对照或 200 mM NaCl 灌溉植物。5种硬粒小麦之间的显着差异在生长参数、应激指标参数和热休克蛋白基因表达方面观察到地方品种。盐胁迫的地方品种表现出生长降低、胁迫指标参数水平升高以及Hsp17.8、Hsp26.3、Hsp70和Hsp101 的上调表达。地方品种 T11 和 M23 在 NaCl 胁迫下表现出最高的生长、最低水平的胁迫指标参数和高表达的热休克蛋白基因。而 J2 和 A8 地方品种在 NaCl 胁迫下表现出最低的生长、最高水平的胁迫指标参数和低表达的热休克蛋白基因。总之，NaCl 胁迫导致生长参数显着降低，脂质过氧化水平和脯氨酸含量增加，热休克蛋白基因表达水平上调。生长、胁迫指标参数和基因表达结果表明 T11 和 M23 地方品种是最耐 NaCl 胁迫的地方品种，可用于增强小麦育种计划中的基因库。