Abstract

We present a numerical model suitable for simulation of shock or blast waves passing through a cloud of water droplets. The model takes into account the droplet breakup, radiation, and evaporation effects. The gas phase (a mixture of air and water vapor) is solved within an Eulerian framework with a set of compressible transport equations. The disperse phase (water droplets) is represented by a number of Lagrangian parcels of a specified size and mass distribution. The model has been verified with experimental data. The results show that for large (millimeter-sized) droplets with high Weber numbers, the breakup model is the most important part for accurate representation of the wave-droplet interaction phenomena, while for very fine droplets (1 \(\mu\)m or less), the evaporation effects are the strongest in the shockwave mitigation process. The radiative heat flux increase due to high droplet emissivity is found to be possible for an intermediate size water droplets (about 10–20 \(\mu\)m) in the case of continuous heat release.

中文翻译：

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冲击波与水滴云相互作用的混合拉格朗日-欧拉模拟

摘要

我们提出了一种数值模型，适用于模拟穿过一团水滴的冲击波或爆炸波。该模型考虑了液滴破裂，辐射和蒸发效应。气相（空气和水蒸气的混合物）在欧拉框架内通过一组可压缩的传输方程式求解。分散相（水滴）由许多具有指定大小和质量分布的拉格朗日包裹表示。该模型已通过实验数据验证。结果表明，对于具有高韦伯数的大（毫米级）液滴，破裂模型是精确表示波滴相互作用现象的最重要部分，而对于非常细小的液滴（1  \（\ mu \）m或更小），在冲击波缓解过程中蒸发作用最强。在连续放热的情况下，对于中等大小的水滴（约10–20 \（\ mu \） m），由于高的水滴发射率而导致的辐射热通量的增加是可能的 。