With the more and more extensive application of blockchain, blockchain security has been widely concerned by the society and deeply studied by scholars. Moreover, the security of blockchain data directly affects the security of various applications of blockchain. In this survey, we perform a comprehensive classification and summary of the security of blockchain data. First, we present classification of blockchain data attacks. Subsequently, we present the attacks and defenses of blockchain data in terms of privacy, availability, integrity and controllability. Data privacy attacks present data leakage or data obtained by attackers through analysis. Data availability attacks present abnormal or incorrect access to blockchain data. Data integrity attacks present blockchain data being tampered. Data controllability attacks present blockchain data accidentally manipulated by smart contract vulnerability. Finally, we present several important open research directions to identify follow-up studies in this area.

中文翻译：

---

比特币系统中的数据安全和隐私：一项调查

随着区块链的应用越来越广泛，区块链安全受到社会的广泛关注和学者的深入研究。而且，区块链数据的安全性直接影响到区块链各种应用的安全性。在本次调查中，我们对区块链数据的安全性进行了全面的分类和总结。首先，我们介绍区块链数据攻击的分类。随后，我们从隐私、可用性、完整性和可控性方面介绍了区块链数据的攻击和防御。数据隐私攻击表现为数据泄露或攻击者通过分析获得的数据。数据可用性攻击会导致对区块链数据的异常或错误访问。数据完整性攻击会导致区块链数据被篡改。数据可控性攻击呈现出被智能合约漏洞意外操纵的区块链数据。最后，我们提出了几个重要的开放研究方向，以确定该领域的后续研究。