Microalgae have been recognized as most eventual feedstock for biodiesel production owing to its significant lipid contents and they are found to be simple with respect to its cultivation. The imperative factor is that, the algae can extenuating carbon dioxide emission and can mount-up lipids at highest level. The current study has been focussed on production of biodiesel from the freshwater algae, Chlorella vulgaris which is one of the plentiful reserves and explicitly collected from its own natural habitat as wild stuff. The algal material then subjected for processes by employing the integration of bio-engineering technologies, the maximum lipid content is explored from C. vulgaris even it is fully fledged at its natural habitat condition.
The fatty acid profile indicates that, the average polyunsaturated fatty acids (71.6%) and the oil proportion from lipid fractions of C. vulgaris are found to significantly higher as compared to other algal types depicted in the literature. The specific correlation between oils of algae and the vegetable oils reveals that, the algal oil found to be highly viscous, ranging from 10-20 times. Subsequently, the transesterification of the algal oils to its analogous fatty ester is the most promising elucidation to the quandary of high viscosity. The optimum biodiesel yield of 89.65 % is achieved at 70^th minute with the formation of 8.6 % glycerol and 2.4% soap, the reaction conditions are simplified and standardized to facilitate a single step extraction from wild culture of C.vulgaris and the quantitative conversion of triglycerides into biodiesel is achieved at the optimum level. In the characterization, the algal diesel show higher Heating value of C. vulgaris (34.5MJ/kg), Gross Calorific value (42.3KJ/Kg), Cetane value (55.56) and the significant out-put is noticed. Further, the parameters on performance and combustion are analyzed with internal combustion (CI) engine system using the different blends of algae esterified oil and petro-diesel at variable loads. The results of AB20 (20% algae oil + 80% pure diesel fuel) blend reveals that, preferred brake thermal efficiency (ηB), brake power (BP), Engine power and higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) are considerably higher due to momentous heating value compared to pure petro-fuel. The enviable characteristics for emissions is recorded for AB20 fuel blend ratio such as, smoke density (SD), lower carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HCs) and smoke respectively. Interestingly, the oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions are reduced with increasing load as compared to the base engine piston. The results finally show that; AB20 are found to be most promising blend ratio and considerably noteworthy in the naturally grown C. vulgaris with respect to all the parameters. In addition, the exploitation of this algae oil for the existing engine system does not require any modification and hence, this can be a most potential alternative source for biodiesel production for sustainable development.

中文翻译：

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通过结合化学科学和工程技术，优化了源自小球藻野生物质的淡水藻油的生物柴油生产和发动机系统的性能特征

微藻由于其大量的脂质含量而被公认为是生物柴油生产中最常用的原料，并且发现其培养简单。至关重要的因素是，藻类可以减轻二氧化碳的排放，并可以使脂质堆积在最高水平。目前的研究集中于从淡水藻类小球藻生产生物柴油，该种藻类是丰富的保护区之一，并从其自身的自然栖息地中以野生物的形式明确收集。然后通过利用生物工程技术的集成对藻类材料进行处理，即使在自然栖息地条件下完全成熟，也可以从寻常梭菌中探索最大脂质含量。
脂肪酸谱表明，与文献中描述的其他藻类类型相比，发现普通芸苔球菌的平均多不饱和脂肪酸（71.6％）和来自脂质级分的油脂比例明显更高。藻类油和植物油之间的特定相关性表明，藻类油被发现具有很高的粘性，范围是10至20倍。随后，藻类油向其类似脂肪酯的酯交换反应是对高粘度难题最有希望的解释。的89.65％的生物柴油最佳产率在70实现^第8.6％甘油和2.4％的皂，反应条件被简化和标准化的形成分钟以促进从野生培养单个步骤提取寻常小球藻和甘油三酸酯向生物柴油的定量转化可以达到最佳水平。在表征中，藻类柴油表现出较高的寻常梭状芽孢杆菌热值（34.5MJ / kg），总热值（42.3KJ / Kg），十六烷值（55.56），并且具有显着的产量。此外，使用藻类酯化油和石油柴油的不同混合物在可变负载下，通过内燃机（CI）发动机系统分析了性能和燃烧参数。AB20（20％的藻油+ 80％的纯柴油）混合物的结果表明，优选的制动热效率（ηB），制动功率（BP），发动机功率和较高的制动比燃料消耗（BSFC）由于瞬时发热量而比纯石油燃料高得多。记录了AB20燃料混合比的令人羡慕的排放特性，例如烟密度（SD），低级一氧化碳（CO），碳氢化合物（HCs）和烟。有趣的是，与基础发动机活塞相比，氮氧化物（NOx）的排放随着负荷的增加而减少。结果最终表明：发现AB20是最有希望的混合比例，并且在自然生长的C中相当值得注意。寻常的关于所有参数。另外，在现有发动机系统中开采这种藻油不需要进行任何修改，因此，这可以成为生物柴油生产可持续发展的最潜在替代来源。