With the rise of neutrino astronomy using large-volume detector arrays, calibration improvements of optical media and photosensors have emerged as significant means to reduce detector systematics. To improve understanding of the detector volume and its instrumentation, we developed an absolutely-calibrated, self-monitoring, isotropic, nanosecond, high-intensity calibration light source called "Precision Optical Calibration Module" (POCAM). This now third iteration of the instrument was developed for an application in the IceCube Upgrade but, with a modular instrument communications and synchronization backend, can provide a calibration light source standard for any large-volume photodetector array. This work summarizes the functional principle of the POCAM and all related device characteristics as well as its precision calibration procedure. The latter provides fingerprint-characterized instruments with knowledge on absolute and relative behavior of the emitted light pulses as well as their temperature dependencies.

中文翻译：

---

一种用于大体积中微子望远镜的自监测精密校准光源

随着使用大体积探测器阵列的中微子天文学的兴起，光学介质和光电传感器的校准改进已成为减少探测器系统性的重要手段。为了加深对探测器体积及其仪器的了解，我们开发了一种绝对校准、自我监测、各向同性、纳秒、高强度校准光源，称为“精密光学校准模块”（POCAM）。该仪器的第三次迭代是为 IceCube 升级中的应用程序开发的，但具有模块化仪器通信和同步后端，可以为任何大容量光电探测器阵列提供校准光源标准。这项工作总结了 POCAM 的功能原理和所有相关的设备特性以及其精密校准程序。后者为指纹表征仪器提供了关于发射光脉冲的绝对和相对行为以及它们的温度依赖性的知识。