The Al-Nb/Ti/Ni composite was fabricated from pure Al, Ni, Ti, and Nb sheets by the ARB technology. The microstructure evolution was observed by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The evolution was evaluated by the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) technique. A couple of results we obtained showed that the microstructure of Al changed from equiaxed grains to a lamellar structure, and the grain size in the ND decreased gradually. Finally, the average grain size in the ND was 0.31 μm. Additionally, the fraction of HAGBs increased after the third pass, resulting from the dynamic recovery and the shear bands. The texture evolution was tested by electron backscattered diffraction. After the fourth pass, the Al exhibited a combination texture of rolling texture and shear texture. The rolling texture components were composed of Copper{112} , Dillamore{4 4 11} , S{123} , and Brass{011} , and the shear texture components were Rotated Cube {001} and {111}//ND. The microhardness of Ni, Ti, Nb, and Al was improved in the ARB process and finally reached 226.4, 246.3, 187.2, and 44.2 HV, respectively.

中文翻译：

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ARB工艺制备的Al-Nb/Ti/Ni复合材料中铝的显微组织和织构演变

Al-Nb/Ti/Ni 复合材料是由纯铝、镍、钛和铌板通过 ARB 技术制造的。通过扫描电子显微镜、X 射线衍射和透射电子显微镜观察微观结构演变。通过电子背散射衍射（EBSD）技术评估演化。我们获得的几个结果表明，Al 的微观结构从等轴晶粒转变为层状结构，并且 ND 中的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。最后，ND 中的平均晶粒尺寸为 0.31 μm。此外，由于动态恢复和剪切带，第三次通过后 HAGB 的比例增加。通过电子背散射衍射测试织构演变。在第四遍之后，铝表现出滚动织构和剪切织构的组合织构。滚动织构分量由 Copper{112} 、Dillamore{4 4 11} 、S{123} 和 Brass{011} 组成，剪切织构分量由 Rotated Cube {001} 和 {111}//ND 组成。Ni、Ti、Nb 和 Al 的显微硬度在 ARB 工艺中得到提高，最终分别达到 226.4、246.3、187.2 和 44.2 HV。