The DC Josephson effect is the flow of supercurrent across a weak link between two superconductors with a different value of their order parameter, the phase. We generalize this notion to any kind of spontaneous continuous symmetry breaking. The quantity that flows between the two systems is identified as the Noether current associated with the broken symmetry. The AC Josephson effect is identified as the oscillations due to the energy difference between the two systems caused by an imposed asymmetric chemical potential. As an example of novel physics, a Josephson effect is predicted between two crystalline solids, potentially measurable as a force periodic in the separation distance.

中文翻译：

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广义约瑟夫森效应理论

直流约瑟夫森效应是超电流流过两个超导体之间的薄弱环节，它们的顺序参数值不同，即相位。我们将这个概念推广到任何类型的自发连续对称破坏。在两个系统之间流动的量被识别为与破坏对称性相关的诺特电流。AC 约瑟夫森效应被认为是由于强加的不对称化学势引起的两个系统之间的能量差异引起的振荡。作为新物理学的一个例子，预测了两种结晶固体之间的约瑟夫森效应，可以作为间隔距离中周期性的力进行测量。