Three important systems, genes, the brain, and artificial intelligence (especially deep learning) have similar goals, namely, the maximization of likelihood or minimization of cross-entropy. Animal brains have evolved through predator-prey interactions in which maximizing survival probability and transmission of genes to offspring were the main objectives. Coordinate transformation for a rigid body necessary to win predator-prey battles requires a huge amount of matrix operations in the brain similar to those performed by a powerful GPU. Things (molecules), information (genes), and energy (ATP) are essential for using Maxwell’s demon model to understand how a living system maintains a low level of entropy. However, while the history of medicine and biology saw molecular biology and genetics disciplines flourish, the study of energy has been limited, despite estimates that >10% all human genes code energy-related proteins. Since there are a large number of molecular and genetic diseases, many energy-related diseases must exist as well. In addition to mitochondrial disease, common diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, muscle diseases, cardiomyopathy, and diabetes are candidates for diseases related to cellular energy shortage. We are developing ATP enhancer, a drug to treat such diseases. I predict that in the future, the frontier of medicine and biology will involve energy and entropy, and the frontier of science will be about the cognitive processes that scientists’ brains use to study mathematics and physics. That will be understood by comparing the abilities that were necessary to survive battles between predators and prey during evolutionary history.

三个重要的系统，基因，大脑和人工智能（尤其是深度学习）具有相似的目标，即，可能性最大化或交叉熵最小。动物的大脑通过捕食者与猎物之间的相互作用而进化，其中最大的生存目标是将基因传播给后代。要获得食肉动物与猎物的战斗所必需的刚体的坐标变换，就需要在大脑中进行大量的矩阵运算，这与功能强大的GPU所进行的运算相似。物（分子），信息（基因）和能量（ATP）对于使用麦克斯韦的恶魔模型来理解生命系统如何维持低水平的熵至关重要。但是，尽管医学和生物学的历史见证了分子生物学和遗传学学科的蓬勃发展，尽管估计有超过10％的人类基因编码与能量有关的蛋白质，但是对能量的研究仍然很有限。由于存在许多分子和遗传疾病，因此也必须存在许多与能量有关的疾病。除了线粒体疾病外，常见的疾病如神经退行性疾病，肌肉疾病，心肌病和糖尿病也是与细胞能量缺乏有关的疾病的候选者。我们正在开发ATP增强剂，一种可治疗此类疾病的药物。我预测在未来，医学和生物学的前沿将涉及能量和熵，科学的前沿将与科学家的大脑用于研究数学和物理学的认知过程有关。