Rapid escalation in energy demand and pressure over finite fossil fuels reserves with augmenting urbanization and industrialization points towards adoption of cleaner, sustainable and eco-friendly sources to be employed. Solar cell devices known for efficient conversion of solar energy to electrical energy have been attracting scientific community due to their remarkable conformity with the principles of green chemistry. The future candidacy of solar cells is expressed by their efficient conversion. Such a great potential associated with solar cells has instigated research since many decades leading to the emergence of a wide myriad of solar cells devices with novel constituent materials, designs and architecture reflected in form of three generations of the solar cells. Considering the cleaner and sustainability aspects of the solar energy, current review has systematically compiled different generations of solar cells signifying the advancements in terms of architecture and compositional parameters. In addition to the chronological progression of solar cells, current review has also focused on the innovations done in improvement of solar cells. In terms of efficiency and stability, photovoltaic community is eager to achieve augmented efficiencies and stabilities for using solar cells as an alternative to the conventional fossil fuels.

中文翻译：

---

系统审查阐明了有助于环境可持续性整合的太阳能电池的世代和分类

能源需求的迅速增长和有限的化石燃料储量的压力，伴随着城市化和工业化的增强，表明将采用更清洁，可持续和生态友好的能源。由于将太阳能有效地转化为电能而闻名的太阳能电池设备与绿色化学原理有着显着的一致性，因此吸引了科学界的关注。太阳能电池的未来候选资格由其有效转换来表示。数十年来，与太阳能电池相关的如此巨大的潜力已引发了研究，导致出现了无数具有以三代太阳能电池形式体现的新颖组成材料，设计和结构的太阳能电池设备。考虑到太阳能的清洁和可持续性方面，当前的综述已经系统地汇编了不同代的太阳能电池，这标志着在结构和组成参数方面的进步。除了太阳能电池的时间顺序发展之外，当前的审查还集中在改进太阳能电池方面所做的创新。在效率和稳定性方面，光伏社区渴望通过使用太阳能电池替代常规化石燃料来提高效率和稳定性。