Additive manufacturing (AM) can be seen as a disruptive process that builds complex components layer upon layer. Two of its distinct technologies are Selective Laser Melting (SLM) and Electron Beam Melting (EBM), which are powder bed fusion processes that create metallic parts with the aid of a beam source. One of the most studied and manufactured superalloys in metal AM is the Ti–6Al–4V, which can be applied in the aerospace field due to its low density and high melting point, and in the biomedical area owing to its high corrosion resistance and excellent biocompatibility when in contact with tissues or bones of the human body. The research novelty of this work is the aggregation of all kinds of data from the last 20 years of investigation about Ti–6Al–4V parts manufactured via SLM and EBM, namely information related to residual stresses (RS), as well as the influence played by different heat treatments in reducing porosity and increasing mechanical properties. Throughout the report, it can be seen that the expected microstructure of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy is different in both manufacturing processes, mainly due to the distinct cooling rates. However, heat treatments can modify the microstructure, reduce RS, and increase the ductility, fatigue life, and hardness of the components. Furthermore, distinct post-treatments can induce compressive RS on the part’s surface, consequently enhancing the fatigue life.

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关于提高增材制造的Ti-6Al-4V零件的质量和残余应力的热处理的评论

增材制造（AM）可以看作是一种破坏性过程，可以逐层构建复杂的组件。它的两项独特技术是选择性激光熔化（SLM）和电子束熔化（EBM），这是粉末床熔化工艺，可借助束源产生金属零件。Ti-6Al-4V是金属AM中研究和制造最多的超级合金之一，由于其低密度和高熔点而可用于航空航天领域，并且由于其高耐腐蚀性和优异的性能而可用于生物医学领域。与人体组织或骨骼接触时具有生物相容性。这项工作的研究新颖之处在于，汇总了过去20年中通过SLM和EBM制造的有关Ti-6Al-4V零件的各种数据，即与残余应力（RS）有关的信息，以及不同热处理对降低孔隙率和提高机械性能的影响。在整个报告中，可以看出，在两种制造工艺中，Ti-6Al-4V合金的预期微观结构都不同，这主要是由于冷却速率不同所致。但是，热处理可以改变组织的微观结构，降低RS，并增加部件的延展性，疲劳寿命和硬度。此外，独特的后处理可在零件表面上引起压缩RS，从而延长疲劳寿命。主要是由于不同的冷却速度。但是，热处理可以改变组织的微观结构，降低RS，并增加部件的延展性，疲劳寿命和硬度。此外，不同的后处理可在零件表面上引起压缩RS，从而延长疲劳寿命。主要是由于不同的冷却速度。但是，热处理可以改变组织的微观结构，降低RS，并增加部件的延展性，疲劳寿命和硬度。此外，不同的后处理可在零件表面上引起压缩RS，从而延长疲劳寿命。