Marine spatial “open” data infrastructures (MSDI) have a significant economic and societal potential for coastal nations and their realization is driven by the evolution of the International Hydrographic Organization’s (IHO) S-100 data model for facilitating marine domain interoperability and the World Wide Web Consortium’s (W3C) best practices for spatial data publishing on the Web. The recent European directive on open data and the re-use of public sector information, known as the “Open Data Directive” is a key driver towards the establishment of “open” MSDIs among other spatial data infrastructures. The paper discusses possible data architectures for the MSDIs, examines the maturity of open data platforms that they could be built upon and compares the most prominent marine spatial data models for their applicability in relation to three marine information domains. MSDIs can facilitate the continuous data capturing of spatial-temporal physical phenomena and human activities at sea and coastal areas, the corresponding data analysis and the decision-making for achieving continual improvement in the marine planning and management processes. MSDIs could play a key role in digital government transformation (DGT) for effective data sharing and offering marine services across various stakeholders. The information provided through a MSDI can be used for safe and efficient operation of maritime traffic, exploration and exploitation of marine resources, marine spatial planning (MSP), integrated coastal zone management (ICZM), environmental protection, and naval and maritime security.

中文翻译：

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海洋空间开放数据基础设施的价值-IHO S-100标准的潜力成为通用海洋数据模型

海洋空间“开放”数据基础设施（MSDI）对于沿海国家具有巨大的经济和社会潜力，其实现是由国际水文组织（IHO）的S-100数据模型的发展推动的，该模型促进了海洋域的互操作性和世界范围Web联盟（W3C）在Web上发布空间数据的最佳实践。最近有关开放数据和公共部门信息再利用的欧洲指令（称为“开放数据指令”）是在其他空间数据基础架构中建立“开放” MSDI的关键驱动力。本文讨论了MSDI的可能数据架构，考察了可以建立的开放数据平台的成熟度，并比较了最著名的海洋空间数据模型在三个海洋信息领域中的适用性。MSDI可以促进对海洋和沿海地区的时空物理现象和人类活动的连续数据捕获，相应的数据分析和决策，以实现海洋规划和管理流程的持续改进。MSDI可以在数字政府转型（DGT）中发挥关键作用，以实现有效的数据共享并在各个利益相关方之间提供海上服务。通过MSDI提供的信息可用于安全，高效地经营海上交通，勘探和开发海洋资源，海洋空间规划（MSP），