We investigate the relative fractions of remanent and induced magnetization of the fillings of neolithic long pits in order to develop remanent magnetization as an additional parameter for the archaeological interpretation of magnetic maps. We determine the Koenigsberger ratio – the ratio between induced and remanent magnetization intensities – for key targets by combining magnetic mapping with downhole measurements of susceptibility, numerical modelling, and inversion computations. The susceptibility data were acquired in drill holes along profiles crossing the targets identified by magnetic mapping. The targets of this exemplary study are house‐accompanying pits at the Linearbandkeramik site Vráble ‘Farské’. For this purpose, we conducted auger drillings with a point distance of 25 cm and measured the susceptibility with a downhole susceptometer. The resulting two‐dimensional susceptibility distributions were used to calculate synthetic magnetic anomalies corresponding to the case of solely induced magnetization. The comparison to the observed magnetic data showed a considerable discrepancy that can only be explained with remanent magnetization. To determine the Koenigsberger ratio we developed a new interpretation approach, using parts of the measured susceptibility distribution as a basis function. The free parameters of this numerical problem are determined by non‐linear inversion. We applied the novel approach to six exemplary profiles and found Koenigsberger ratios between 1.6 and 10.5 with the majority of the values being smaller than 4. These values apply to soil volumes with susceptibility values larger than 27–160 × 10^‐5 SI. Laboratory measurements on soil samples were used to examine the possible causes of the observed magnetization. The analyses suggest that the increase in susceptibility and remanent magnetization in the pits is caused by an increase of the population of magnetotactic bacteria and deposition of magnetized material, followed by the alignment of the ferrimagnetic iron compounds in the waterlogged environment of the pits and accumulation of viscous remanent magnetization.

中文翻译：

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超过100次钻探告诉我们：一种通过磁测图和磁化率测井确定土壤的柯尼斯堡比率的新方法

我们研究了新石器时代长坑填充物的剩余磁化强度和诱导磁化强度的相对比例，以发展剩余磁化强度，作为磁性地图考古学解释的附加参数。我们通过将磁测绘与井下磁化率测量，数值建模和反演计算相结合，确定关键目标的柯尼斯堡（Koenigsberger）比（感应磁化强度和剩余磁化强度之间的比率）。磁化率数据是沿着与磁图确定的目标相交的剖面在钻孔中获取的。该示范性研究的目标是Linearbandkeramik站点Vráble'Farské'的房屋陪伴坑。为此，我们在25 cm的点距上进行了螺旋钻，并用井下磁化率仪测量了磁化率。所得的二维磁化率分布用于计算与单独感应磁化情况对应的合成磁异常。与观察到的磁数据的比较显示出很大的差异，这只能用剩磁来解释。为了确定Koenigsberger比率，我们开发了一种新的解释方法，使用部分测得的磁化率分布作为基础函数。该数值问题的自由参数由非线性反演确定。我们将这种新颖的方法应用于六个示例性剖面，发现Koenigsberger比值介于1.6和10.5之间，其中大多数值小于4。这些值适用于磁化率值大于27-160×10的土壤体积^‐5 SI。使用实验室对土壤样品的测量来检查观察到的磁化的可能原因。分析表明，坑中的磁化率和剩余磁化强度的增加是由于趋磁细菌的数量增加和磁化物质的沉积，随后是在坑的浸水环境中亚铁磁性铁化合物的排列和铁的积累造成的。粘性剩余磁化强度。