As industrial development increases in the range of barren‐ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) across the warming Arctic, the need to understand the responses of caribou to development and to assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures increase accordingly. The Central Arctic Herd (CAH) of caribou ranges across northern Alaska, USA, and the herd's summer range includes the Prudhoe Bay and Kuparuk oilfields, where the herd has been exposed to oil development for >4 decades. We used location data from global positioning system (GPS) radio‐collars deployed on female CAH caribou for 106 collar‐years, recording locations every 2 hours during 2008–2019, to examine caribou distribution and movements during 7 different seasons of the year in relation to infrastructure in the Kuparuk oilfield, which is characterized by more design improvements and mitigation measures than the older Prudhoe Bay oilfield. We examined movement metrics in terms of distance to gravel infrastructure (roads and pads) and time before and after movements across infrastructure (crossings). We also employed integrated step‐selection analysis to compare caribou movements with random movements. Caribou distribution was influenced by insect activity, distance to coast, landcover, and terrain ruggedness, and we found large seasonal differences in caribou responses to infrastructure. Consistent with previous research findings, avoidance of areas near roads and pads was strongest during the calving season and some caribou used roads and pads as insect‐relief habitat when oestrid flies (warble fly [Hypoderma tarandi] and nose bot fly [Cephenemyia trompe]) were active. Caribou moved through the Kuparuk oilfield repeatedly during summer, averaging >2 road or pad crossings a day when harassment by mosquitoes (Aedes [Ochlerotatus] spp.) and oestrid flies were the predominant factors influencing caribou movements. Caribou moved faster while crossing roads and pads but showed little pattern in speed or turn angle with distance to roads and pads. These results demonstrate that the effects of petroleum development on a caribou herd with long‐term exposure to industrial activity vary widely by season. Maternal caribou avoid active roads and pads during calving, but the incorporation of appropriate mitigation measures in oilfield design allows caribou to move through the Kuparuk oilfield during other snow‐free seasons. © 2020 The Wildlife Society.

中文翻译：

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阿拉斯加北部油田的驯鹿分布和运动

随着工业发展，在贫瘠的驯鹿（Rangifer tarandus granti）在变暖的北极地区，了解驯鹿对发展的反应并评估缓解措施的有效性的需求相应增加。北美驯鹿的中部北极牧群（CAH）分布在美国阿拉斯加北部，而该牧群的夏季范围包括Prudhoe湾和Kuparuk油田，这些牧群在这里经历了超过4年的石油开发。我们使用了部署在女性CAH驯鹿身上的全球定位系统（GPS）无线电项圈的位置数据长达106衣领年，并在2008-2019年期间每2小时记录一次位置，以检查一年中七个不同季节中驯鹿的分布和活动Kuparuk油田的基础设施，其特点是比旧的Prudhoe Bay油田有更多的设计改进和缓解措施。我们根据到砾石基础设施的距离（道路和护垫）以及跨基础设施的运动前后的时间（十字路口）检查了运动指标。我们还采用了集成的步骤选择分析来比较驯鹿运动与随机运动。北美驯鹿的分布受昆虫活动，到海岸的距离，土地覆盖物和地形的崎influence性的影响，我们发现北美驯鹿对基础设施的反应有很大的季节性差异。与先前的研究结果一致，在产犊季节，避开道路和护垫附近的区域最强烈，并且某些驯鹿在筑巢蝇（毒蝇[ 我们还采用了集成的步骤选择分析来比较驯鹿运动与随机运动。驯鹿的分布受到昆虫活动，到海岸的距离，土地覆盖物和地形的崎ness性的影响，我们发现驯鹿对基础设施的反应有很大的季节性差异。与先前的研究结果一致，在产犊季节，避开道路和护垫附近的区域最强烈，并且某些驯鹿在筑巢蝇（毒蝇[ 我们还采用了集成的步骤选择分析来比较驯鹿运动与随机运动。北美驯鹿的分布受昆虫活动，到海岸的距离，土地覆盖物和地形的崎influence性的影响，我们发现北美驯鹿对基础设施的反应有很大的季节性差异。与先前的研究结果一致，在产犊季节，避开道路和护垫附近的区域最强烈，并且某些驯鹿在筑巢蝇（毒蝇[po皮次生皮和鼻蝇（Cephenemyia trompe）活跃。北美驯鹿在夏季反复穿过库帕鲁克（Kuparuk）油田，每天受到蚊子骚扰（Aedes [ Ochlerotatus] spp。）和成年蝇是影响驯鹿运动的主要因素。驯鹿越过道路和路障时移动得更快，但与道路和路障的距离几乎没有速度或转弯角度的变化。这些结果表明，石油开发对长期暴露于工业活动的北美驯鹿群的影响随季节变化很大。产妇驯鹿在产犊期间避免活动道路和垫块，但是在油田设计中纳入适当的缓解措施后，驯鹿可以在其他无雪季节穿越库帕鲁克油田。©2020野生动物协会。