The African citrus triozid (ACT), Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio), is the primary vector of Candidatus Liberibacter africanus (CLaf), the causative agent of Africa citrus greening disease (ACGD). This study evaluates the diversity of ACT parasitoids and further characterizes endosymbionts associated with both T. erytreae and its parasitoids that could be used as biological control agents of T. erytreae and management of ACGD. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene was used to reconstruct T. erytreae and its parasitoids phylogeny, while 16S rRNA gene was used for the bacterial phylogeny. One well‐supported clade of ACT was detected within the Triozidae phylogeny, while the parasitoid species clustered into four groups within eulophid and encyrtid phylogeny. The phylogenetic result of parasitoids was supported by morphological identification where five different parasitoid species could be identified, that is Tamarixia dryi, Psyllaephagus pulvinatus, Tetrastichus sp., Aphidencyrtus cassatus and Charipine species. Moreover, four eubacterial symbionts (Wolbachia,Rickettsia,Arsenophonus and Candidatus Liberibacter sp.) were detected in T. erytreae and three symbionts (Wolbachia,Rickettsia and Cardinuim) in the parasitoid specimens. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic inferences clustered the identified eubacterial symbionts within α and γ proteobacteria subdivisions. Phylogenetic inferences of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that Wolbachia strains from ACT and the parasitoids did not form a single monophyletic clade; however, both clustered within Supergroup B. The impacts of these parasitoid species and endosymbionts on ACT are still unknown, but their occurrence and broad distribution indicate the possibility of future use for control of T. erytreae.

中文翻译：

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肯尼亚 Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio) 及其寄生蜂内共生体的多样性和系统发育分析

非洲柑橘三联体 (ACT)，Trioza erytreae (Del Guercio)，是非洲柑橘绿化病 (ACGD) 的病原体 Candidatus Liberibacter Africanus (CLaf) 的主要载体。本研究评估了 ACT 寄生蜂的多样性，并进一步表征了与 T. erytreae 及其寄生蜂相关的内共生体，这些内共生体可用作 T. erytreae 的生物控制剂和 ACGD 的管理。线粒体细胞色素氧化酶I基因用于重建赤霉病及其寄生物系统发育，而16S rRNA基因用于细菌系统发育。在 Triozidae 系统发育中检测到一个得到充分支持的 ACT 进化枝，而寄生蜂物种在 eulophid 和 envritid 系统发育中聚集成四组。寄生蜂的系统发育结果得到形态学鉴定的支持，其中可以鉴定五种不同的寄生蜂种类，即柽柳、Psyllaephagus pulvinatus、Tetrastichus sp.、Aphidencyrtus cassatus 和 Charipine 种。此外，在 T. erytreae 中检测到四种真细菌共生体（Wolbachia、Rickettsia、Arsenophonus 和 Candidatus Liberibacter sp.），在寄生蜂标本中检测到三种共生体（Wolbachia、Rickettsia 和 Cardinuim）。最大似然系统发育推断将已鉴定的真细菌共生体聚集在 α 和 γ 变形菌亚群中。16S rRNA 基因序列的系统发育推断表明，来自 ACT 的 Wolbachia 菌株和寄生蜂没有形成单一的单系进化枝；然而，两者都聚集在超群 B 中。