Irradiation doses 40, 80, 120 and 160 Gy were used on 6‐, 7‐, 8‐ and 9‐days‐old Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae. The larvae from the different age groups irradiated with different doses were exposed separately to Neotropical‐native Doryctobracon crawfordi (Viereck), Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) and the Asian introduced Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). A significant increment in parasitoid emergence directly related to radiation increment on parasitoids D. crawfordi and U. anastrephae was observed. This effect was higher on irradiated young larvae; in D. longicaudata, emergence increment was related to age of larva but not with radiation doses. Similar results were obtained for sex ratio. Host larva weight increased with age, and irradiation had no effect on gaining weight of growing larvae. The host larval mortality 72 hr after exposition had an inverse relationship regarding to its age, although it did not have a negative effect as regards radiation doses. Immature stages of parasitoid/larva (>1 = superparasitism) were higher in 8‐days‐old larvae parasitized by D. Longicaudata, while in D. crawfordi and U. Anastrephae, superparasitism was absent (<1 immature stage per host larva). Superparasitism was not affected by increased radiation dose. No levels of melanin were detected as indicators of immunological reactions. However, these results are considered to be closely related to the lessening of these reactions due to irradiation. The positive relationship between emergence and irradiation dose to host larvae was present in native species D. crawfordi and U. anastrephae, but absent for exotic D. longicaudata. The data presented here are of great relevance for cost effective mass rearing of these parasitoids.

中文翻译：

---

Anastrepha ludens (Loew) (Diptera: Tephritidae) 幼虫在较高剂量照射下改善了两种本地寄生蜂的饲养

40、80、120 和 160 Gy 的辐照剂量用于 6、7、8 和 9 天大的 Anastrepha ludens（Loew）（双翅目：实蝇科）幼虫。来自不同年龄组的幼虫分别暴露于新热带原生的 Doryctobracon crawfordi (Viereck)、Utetes anastrephae (Viereck) 和亚洲引入的 Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) 寄生蜂（膜翅目：茧蜂科）。观察到与寄生蜂 D. crawfordi 和 U. anastrephae 的辐射增量直接相关的寄生蜂出现的显着增加。这种效果对受辐照的幼虫效果更好；在 D. longicaudata 中，羽化增加与幼虫的年龄有关，但与辐射剂量无关。性别比也得到了类似的结果。寄主幼虫体重随年龄增加，辐照对生长中的幼虫的增重没有影响。暴露后 72 小时的宿主幼虫死亡率与其年龄成反比，尽管它对辐射剂量没有负面影响。D. Longicaudata 寄生的 8 天龄幼虫的拟寄生物/幼虫的未成熟阶段（>1 = 超寄生）较高，而在 D. crawfordi 和 U. Anastrephae 中，不存在超寄生（每个寄主幼虫 <1 未成熟阶段）。超寄生不受辐射剂量增加的影响。没有检测到黑色素水平作为免疫反应的指标。然而，这些结果被认为与由于辐照而减少这些反应密切相关。本地物种 D. crawfordi 和 U. anastrephae，但不存在外来 D. longicaudata。此处提供的数据与这些寄生蜂的成本效益大规模饲养非常相关。