Combating and controlling sea lice causes large economic costs for the farmers, with estimated values of more than 305 million euros (€) per year. Increased resistance against traditional chemotherapeutants due to evolutionary drivers in the sea lice combined with the lack of an effective vaccine and few other chemical treatments available are expected to cause these costs to increase. Several possible methods for managing sea lice infestations have been investigated, but only cleaner fish has proven to have an effect on lice levels. Cleaning activity is well known in marine fish and has been observed in the wild as a form of symbiosis between two species: one species, the ‘client’ fish, seek out the other species, the ‘cleaner’ fish, to have ectoparasites and dead tissue cleared from its body. The Atlantic lumpfish is a relatively new aquaculture species, and wild‐caught mature fish are used as brood stock for farmed production. This poses a biosecurity risk, as wild fish can carry pathogens, and the use of quarantine and health screening is recommended. Vaccine development is unfortunately lagging far behind relatively to the wide spread and high utilisation of the fish. This review contains description of the main pathogens and diseases that affect cleaner fish.

中文翻译：

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水产养殖中的清洁鱼：疾病和疫苗接种回顾

防治海虱给农民造成了巨大的经济损失，每年的估计价值超过3.05亿欧元。由于海虱的进化驱动力，加上缺乏有效的疫苗和其他可用的化学处理方法，导致对传统化学疗法的抵抗力增加，预计这些费用将增加。已经研究了几种控制海虱侵袭的可能方法，但是事实证明只有清洁的鱼类才对虱子水平产生影响。清洁活性在海洋鱼类中是众所周知的，并且已在野外被观察到为两种物种之间的共生形式：一种物种是“寄主”鱼，而另一种物种是“清洁”鱼，具有外寄生物和死菌从体内清除的组织。大西洋l鱼是一个相对较新的水产养殖品种，野生捕获的成熟鱼被用作养殖的亲鱼。这构成了生物安全风险，因为野生鱼类可能携带病原体，因此建议使用检疫和健康检查。不幸的是，相对于鱼类的广泛传播和高利用率，疫苗的发展远远落后于后者。这篇综述包含了影响清洁鱼的主要病原体和疾病的描述。