Direct manufacturing from powder to final component is of great significance for industry. However, it remains a challenge to develop a one-pot “powder-to-product” strategy to produce gradient hybrid components with combined structural and functional advantages. In this work, we report metal-organic powder thermochemical solid-vapor architectonics to direct zeolitic imidazolate framework powder into gradient cobalt/carbon monolith by utilizing in situ generated reactive vapor (non-uniform distribution) and Co nanoparticles (uniformly distributed) to achieve a combination of chemical vapor deposition/growth and solid-state welding. The gradient hybrid monolith possesses good mechanical stability, allowing it to be directly used as a freestanding working electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction in a seawater battery. This catalyst shows a low overpotential of 84 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm⁻². Furthermore, a stable power generation of over 168 h in seawater has also been realized.

从粉末到最终部件的直接制造对工业具有重要意义。但是，开发单罐“粉末到产品”策略以生产具有结构和功能优势的梯度混合组件仍然是一个挑战。在这项工作中，我们报告了金属有机粉末热化学固体蒸气建筑学，以通过现场利用将沸石的咪唑酸盐骨架粉末引导到梯度钴/碳整料中产生的反应性蒸汽（非均匀分布）和Co纳米颗粒（均匀分布），以实现化学气相沉积/生长与固态焊接的结合。梯度混合整料具有良好的机械稳定性，可将其直接用作海水电池中氢气析出反应的独立工作电极。该催化剂在10mA cm ^-2的电流密度下显示出84mV的低过电势。此外，还实现了在海水中超过168小时的稳定发电。