Abstract An exceptionally rare super-cell thunderstorm occurred on the morning hours of October 25th 2015 in the Eastern Mediterranean. The storm developed off the Egyptian coastline near Alexandria and moved north-west, crossing the Israeli coast just north of Tel-Aviv at 0700 UTC. Rapidly developing, deep convective cells, with thunderclouds exhibiting cloud top temperatures colder than −70 °C (17 km) and radar reflectivity cores >65 dBz at 12 km, were accompanied by intensive lightning activity, severe hail, downbursts and massive rain rates. Between 0500 and 0900 UTC, more than 28,440 cloud-to-ground lightning strokes were registered by the lightning detection system of the Israeli Electrical Corporation. Additionally, weak strokes detected with peak currents lower the ±5 kA were classified as intracloud, and constituted additional 29,878 strokes; the storm's total for the 4-h period was 58,318 strokes, exceeding the total annual amount for the entire country. The maximum total stroke rate between 0700 and 0800 UTC exceeded 500 strokes per minute. Synoptic analysis and WRF simulations suggest that electrification processes were enhanced through a combination of dynamic factors and dust induced invigoration of microphysical processes, leading to the prodigious amount of lightning.

中文翻译：

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2015 年 10 月 25 日以色列中部上空超级单体雷暴的观测和数值模拟

摘要 2015 年 10 月 25 日凌晨，地中海东部地区发生了一场极为罕见的超级单体雷暴。风暴在亚历山大附近的埃及海岸线附近发展，并向西北移动，于世界标准时间 0700 穿过特拉维夫以北的以色列海岸。快速发展的深对流单元，雷云的云顶温度低于 -70 °C（17 公里），雷达反射率核心在 12 公里处 >65 dBz，伴随着强烈的闪电活动、严重的冰雹、下击暴流和大雨率。在 UTC 时间 0500 到 0900 之间，以色列电气公司的闪电探测系统记录了超过 28,440 次云对地雷击。此外，检测到峰值电流低于 ±5 kA 的弱中风被归类为云内，并构成额外的 29，878 笔画；4 小时内的风暴总数为 58,318 次，超过了整个国家的年度总数。UTC 时间 0700 至 0800 之间的最大总冲程率超过每分钟 500 冲程。天气分析和 WRF 模拟表明，电气化过程通过动态因素和灰尘引起的微物理过程的结合而得到增强，从而导致了大量的闪电。