The exploitation of somaclonal variation potentially could be a valid strategy to overcome the depletion of hop intraspecific agrobiodiversity. To increase somaclonal variation induction, it is possible to resort to several strategies including a differentiated starting explant material such as leaves, roots and stems, an extended time in which cultures are maintained in vitro, and a well-balanced cytokinin/auxin ratio. In this research, firstly, the influence of growth regulator type and concentration and the effect of the period of in vitro hop leaf culture (6, 12, and 18 wk) were investigated. Secondly, cytofluorimetric and Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses were carried out to verify the occurrence of somaclonal variation. Adventitious shoots were obtained in all media containing 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (except BAP at lowest concentration tested), with no influence detected by culture period. Mutants were detected among regenerants (16.8%) with more than half of the tetraploids obtained from medium containing the highest BAP concentration (35.55 mM). Mutants detected by RAPD analysis were independent of the medium composition and time in culture. A strong influence regarding explant was observed where nearly half of mutants obtained originated from cultured leaf tissues. Further studies are needed to characterize the field performance of mutants.

利用体细胞克隆变异可能是克服蛇麻草种内农业生物多样性枯竭的有效策略。为了增加体细胞克隆变异的诱导，可以诉诸几种策略，包括分化的外植体起始材料（如叶，根和茎），延长培养时间的体外培养以及平衡的细胞分裂素/生长素比率。在这项研究中，首先，生长调节剂类型和浓度的影响以及体外受精期的影响对啤酒花叶片培养（6、12和18周）进行了调查。其次，进行了细胞荧光分析和多态性DNA随机扩增（RAPD）分析，以验证体细胞克隆变异的发生。在所有含有6-苄基氨基嘌呤（BAP）的培养基（不包括最低测试浓度的BAP）中获得不定芽，在培养期间未发现影响。从含有最高BAP浓度（35.55 mM）的培养基中获得的四倍体有一半以上的四倍体中检测到了突变体（16.8％）。通过RAPD分析检测到的突变体与培养基成分和培养时间无关。观察到对外植体的强烈影响，其中近一半的突变体来源于培养的叶片组织。需要进一步的研究来表征突变体的田间表现。